Final Exam Flashcards

Psychology 1000 with King at University of Missouri- Columbia

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By: Shannon Elliott
Created: 2011-12-08
Size: 82 flashcards
Views: 27

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Variable

something that changes

Operational definition

experiments

random sample

sample where all members of population have a change to participate in the experiment

correlational research

when research correlates together, but does not cause the other

third variable problem

there might be another variable influencing your results

longitudinal design

measuring the variables of interest multiple times in the same group over time

experiment

the one research method that can pin down a casual relationship between varialbes

random assignment

used to ensure groups are equivalent to start out with

independent variable

the variable causing change in an experiment

dependent variable

the other variables

experimenter bias

the way the experimenter interact with the subject potentially causing different results

autonomic nervous system

the part of our nervous system that works without us thinking about it

sympathetic nervous system

kicks into action when you are stressed out. flight or fight response

gives you adrenaline

parasympathetic nervous system

working when you're not stressed, keeps you breathing

central nervous system

brain and spinal chord

neuron

cells of nervous system, complete with dendrite and axon

dendrite

receives information from other neurons and brings it into the cell body

axon

part of neuron that moves from the cell body to other neurons to tell them what to do

synapse

gap inbetween neurons because they do not touch

(aisle in lecture hall)

genotype

actual genetic information about a person

phenotype

the physical manifestation of the genotype, what you actually see in the organism

electrochemical transmission

sending a neurotransmitter from the dendrite to the axon

sensation

detecting stimuli

perception

making sense of stimuli

3D vision

two eyes give perception of 3D to the brain

theory of mind

how much we are able to understand that people have an internal mental mind. people can know things that we don't and we know things that others don't. develops after age of 4

learning

relatively permanent change in behavior based on experiment

behaviorism

what we see in front of us and what is observable

classical conditiong

form of learning creating relationships between two variables

UCS

Unconditioned Stimulus

UCR

Unconditioned response

Conditioned stimuli

Conditioned response

extinction

relationship of the two stimuli is broken apart

operant conditioning

another form of associative learning that focuses on the relationship between the response and consequence. responses that are followed by something positive are likely to be repeated

the law of effect

if a behavior is followed by something pleasant, it will be repeated

shaping

if we want to teach someone a complex behavior, we begin rewarding simpler behaviors that are getting closer to what you want to do

reinforcement

leads to increases in behavior

positive v. negative reinforcement

positive behavior is followed by a reward

negative behavior is followed by the REMOVAL of something aversive

schedules of reinforcement

split into categories of what is rewarded and when and how.

fixed: clear how many responses must be performed

variable: response is varied

interval: amount of time that goes by before the response is rewarded is fixed

taste aversion

when you associate a bad experience with a taste, enabling you to be unable to eat/drink it

encoding

getting information in

storage

keeping memories in

retrieval

getting a memory out

short term memory

we have to keep trying to remember

long term memory

can go on forever, don't know the capacity

explicit memory

memory processes you are aware of

episodic memory

autobiographical memory

semantic memory

knowledge you have that you just don't know when you learned it

procedural memory

refers to a type of implicit memory that you're not aware of, like how to walk or tie a shoe

priming

form of implicit memory that is non-conscious memory. some stimulus activates a memory structure without you being aware

cognition

information processing

heuristic

a mental shortcut we use for solving problems and making decisions

confirmation bias

we look for evidence to confirm evidence

hindsight bias

i knew it all along

availability heuristic

information that is vividly present in memory can play a big role on our beliefs about stuff

nature vs nurture

nature: genes

nurture: experience and socializastion

object permanence

Piaget. referring to children, out of sight out of mind

assimilation

treating something the same way you treat everything else: keeping the same schema in reacting to an experience

accommodation

changing your schemas to take in account this new experience

attachment

attachment to parents referring to young children

secure vs insecure

socioemotional development in adolescence

figuring out who you are

self determination theory

competence, autonomy, and relatedness

our basic human needs that exist

James-Lange Theory of Emotion

your body's response tells you what you're feeling

afraid BECAUSE you're running from the bear

bodily things come first

two factor theory

the relationship between our bodily states and emotions

personality

the field of psychology that is interested in the way people are different from each other, the stable patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behavior make up a person.

Five Factor Model

Neuroticism: worried constantly

Extraversion: outgoing

Openness to experience: intellectual and creative and interested in the world

Agreeableness: nice and kind

Consciousness: reliable and hardworking

fundamental attribution error

when we try and explain someone's behavior, we focus too much on the person and not the situational factors

stereotype threat

members of a stereotype may be influence in their behavior by the knowledge of stereotype

cognitive dissonance

uncomfortable when we have two contradictory thoughts in our head

self-perception theory

relationship between behaviors and attitude

conformity (why we do it)

going along with a social group
why?

to be liked or to be right

deindividuation

the loss of personal responsibility in a group

stereotype

negative attitude about a person based on their group membership, not taking in account variations

scientific management

applying principles of science to improve productivity in the bottom line

human relations

recognizing the work places and...?

hawthorne effect

people will perform better on tasks because they're being observed

sexual harrassment

unwanted sexual conduct in the workplace

two forms:

hostile workplace - made to feel uncomfortable

quid pro quo - pressured to engage in behavior to get/keep a job or get a raise or promotion

employee commitment

continuance commitment: too much of a hassle to quit

affective commitment: love and feel loyal to it

normative commitment: obligation to stay

About this deck

By: Shannon Elliott
Created: 2011-12-08
Size: 82 flashcards
Views: 27

About StudyBlue

“I have been getting MUCH better grades on all my tests for school. Flash cards, notes, and quizzes are great on here. Thanks!”
Kathy