Final Exam Info.

Antidemocratic, believe democracy is weak, believe in firm, authoritarian, 1 man state to look out for all and unquestioned authority, hate communists, highly nationalistic ? easy way to get support is to appeal based on nationalism

Rule by fear and terror to make people afraid to oppose

Win over hearts and minds, want to be respected, loved, & believed in (use propaganda, control what info gets out to public)

F: nationalistic, class conflict

C: world-wide, class separation

Gov got sick of him complaining, so eventually gave in, knew had a lot to repair so gave him his change and would continue fixing when he gave up

Gained the support of the Italian people, but hurt the economy, paid for land already owned

Mussolini only focused on immediate praise, did not look at long-term consequences

Conquest of Ethiopia, use military to gain support, but failed and nationally embarrassed, so  uses all weapons (tanks, aerial bombing) despite that Ethopians only had spears, humanitarian embarrassment that League of Nations should have stepped in, no support for Mussolini

Only part of circle, reputation for doing dirty job s and well, looked down upon

Appointed general secretary of as no one wanted that position, managed to make it the most powerful position in the country, establishes filing system and hiring of bureaucracy->can hire and fire all, see almost all documents, know all, aimed to blackmail others after Lenin?s death

Distribute misinfo propaganda, portrayed self as successor picked by Lenin

Voters turn to opposite party, seen when turned to Nazi?s

Emphasized nationalism, good at suggesting can undo situation

Destroyed democracy, established dictatorship

Frame as criminal who burned Germany?s parliamentary building, said communists attempting to come to power

Stalin starving Russians, but blame communists, Nazi demanded parliament pass Enabling act: part of process to create evil image of communism and how waiting to strike, Hitler granted extra power to deal with threat

When he was denied acceptance to art academy, he blamed in on two jews on board -> not entitled citizens of Germany, unequal race

Part of global group to control policies, believed not nationalists, not loyal to country, only their group, began laying discriminatory laws ? no one is to have sexual relationships with a Jew

40% unemployment to 8-10% during Hitler?s time, Audubon built, could solve the nation?s ills

Repudiates Treaty of Versailles, publicly announced rebuilding of Germany?s army above restrictions, then sends troops into demilitarized zone (western border of Germany, by France), BR and FR become very upset, decided upon ?Policy of Appeasement? to avoid war, allow Hitler?s attempts within reason, but Hitler pushes more when demands lands given to other countries after WWI, agree would give him Czech back, but no more territorial ambitions. Hitler takes whole country. BR and FR warn will respond with force, Hitler wanted Poland. BR and FR made agreement with Poland that if Hitler attacks, they will help Poland. When Hitler invades, WWII begins in Europe.

Axis: Germany, Italy, Japan (knew Germany saw them as inferior, best opportunities to gain territories claimed by BR and FR in Asian Pacific on side with Axis (enemy of my enemy is my friend)).

Allies: BR, China, FR (USSR and US later)

With Blitzkrieg strategy

Throw everything at enemies, all resource tool overwhelm them, to get to surrender sooner (navy blockades, subs)

To prevent two front war on Germany, not fight anywhere long enough for that to occur, keep moving along quickly, no opportunity for others to attack

An island, so have to establish aerial supremacy before invasion can be launched.

Hitler changed plans, instead of hitting target with aerial, decided to bomb civilians to intimidate Br people to pressure gov to surrender, but Br more determined not to give in, as Germany not bombing, Br air force able to recuperate and Germany must give up

USSR because always wanted to conquer b/c hatred between fascist and communists and bring all territory under Germany

Because of Stalin?s purges

Turns attempts on Philippines, territory of Am as well as colonies of BR and FR and other us territories in Pacific

Restrict flow of military-related goods exported to Japan, complete embargo of military goods

US will not send goods unless Japan ends conquests, but need to conquest to get goods, but that will start war with US

Pearl Harbor, banking on taking of navy with island, Am will decide not worth rebuilding and give some goods back; know if go to war Am will win, but if surprise will prevent war, goods in exchange for peace

Gained more territory, along with it came more Jews, and thus more fear by Hitler

Force all Jews to starve in ghettos

Death squads

After failure of Great Leap Forward, some officials think Mao should start listening to them, become upset

Mao feels undermined, stated felt need to educate and enthuse people about communism, internalize and fully support his system, actually which to neutralize questioning moderates and reconsolidate position, full power, no questions

When chaos erupts between enforcers and citizens

Concentration camps

Br and Am to launch second front on Germany, occur on D-Day

US victory at Midway, steady advance across ocean to Japan, bombing campaigns, achieved surrender by dropping atomic bombs

WWI: 10-15 million overall, 1-1.5 civilians

WWII: 50 million dead, 22-23 million soldiers, 27-28 million civilians

Iron Curtain: soviets in charge of Eastern Europe, Stalin still trying to manipulate political systems in Eastern states, remain independent, but take orders from USSR. As a result, BR and FR form iron curtain, drawing western countries together; Stalin criticizing Am for manipulating west Europe, cited billions given to countries after war, accuse of buying countries off

Stalin saw the fleeing of many eastern Germans to West Berlin, wanted to prevent losing citizens.

Rights in workplace and upper management positions, reproductive right (maternity leave, childcare)

Establish common currency, no boarder checks, no one European state as powerful as used to be, so join together to have greater influence