Final Exam-- last lecture
Zoology 101 with Steudel/thoma at University of Wisconsin - Madison
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what are two examples of exotic species discussed in lecture?
Purple loosestrife and emerald ash borer.
Purple loosestrife
Fast population growth, no natural enemies in U.S., very fecund (1 stalk=300,000 seeds/yr)
Emerald Ash Borer
Found near Detroit, adults aren't that harmful, but larvae feed on teh inner bark of ash trees, disrupting its ability to transport water and nutrients
What is the main problem with purple loosestrife?
Disrupts waterflow in rivers/canals, detrimental to wetland diversity/habitats
What are the three main speices with a large impact on community structure?
Dominant species, keystone species, and ecosystem engineers
What are dominant species?
Sepcies in community that are most abundant or have the the highest biomass.
What are the two hypothesis for why species become dominant?
Most competitive in exploiting limiting resources, and most successful at avoiding predation for disease.
What is biomass?
Total mass of all individuals in a population
What happens when dominat species die out?
exotic species thrive, new species increase in abundance, however some species become extinct (ex. chestnut tree)
What are keystone species?
Species that has disproportionate effect on it's environment relative to its abundance.
What are ecosystem engineers?
Species that cause physical change in the environment. (ex. zebra mussel because it clarifies water and allows other animals to grow)
What is an ecosystem?
Community of organisms interacting with each other and with their non-living surroundings.
What are the fundamental ecosystem processes?
Energy flow and biogeochemical cycling
What do plants use to get energy?
Light, which gets turned into chemical energy for food molecules.
Why isn't the energy flow entirely effective?
Because some of the energy is wasted as heat.
Who uses cellular respiration?
All living organisms, even ones that use photosynthesis.
What is cellular respiration?
Taking chemical energy and making ATP out of it for energy.
What are autotrophs?
They make their own food.
What are primary producers?
Plants, algae. things that make their own food.
What are primary consumers?
organisms that eat primary producers
What are secondary consumers?
organisms that eat primary producers
What are tertiary consumers?
organisms that eat secondary consumers
What direction does the flow of energy travel?
from primary producers to tertiary consumers
What are detritivores?
Organisms that eat nonliving organic matter. some ingest food, some absorb it.
The energetic hypothesis helps explain why chain lengths are what?
short
what is the energetic hypothesis?
energy transfer along chain is inefficient-- limiting chain length
what is primary production?
The amount of light energy converted to chemical energy (in relation to photosynthesis)
The energy from primary production is used for what?
Plants to use to carry out their life activities, and they add biomass to organism (which is available to the next trophic level as more energy/food source)
Where is the energy lost in primary consumers?
50% in feces,, some in cellular resp, and some in growth.
As you go up the trophic level, what happens to the amount of energy consumed?
decreases
What is biomagnification?
Increase in concentration of substance in living organisms
What is the carbon cycle?
Cycling between abiotic (nonliving) and biotic (living) resovoirs
Whats causing increasing atmospheric CO2?
Emissions from fossil fuels and net release from land use change.
Why do we need the greenhouse effect?
to warm the earth to sustain life.
What are some greenhouse gases?
Water vapor, "human produced", CO2, and methane
What does carbon have to do with temperature?
Theres a coorelation between temperature and amount of carbon-- both are increasing
What are the effects of global warming?
Polar ice caps are melting, waters are rising, more drought, fewer days of frozen lakes, marine life is dying, and migratory bird declines.
What is the positive feedback loop dealing with temperature and water?
As temp increases, ice melts to water, giving more water to be heated by sun, which causes ice to melt, etc.
A change in animcal populations affects what?
human life!
About this deck
About StudyBlue
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Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
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“I have been getting MUCH better grades on all my tests for school. Flash cards, notes, and quizzes are great on here. Thanks!”
Kathy
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