Final Exam- pickett

Psychology 360 with Pickett at University of Kansas

About this deck

By: Erin Ostrander
Textbook:

Experimental Organic Chemistry: A Miniscale and Microscale Approach (Brooks/Cole Laboratory Series for Organic Chemistry)
Kassin Social Psychology Seventh Edition Plus Iclicker

Organic Chemistry

Study Guide/Solutions Manual to accompany Organic Chemistry
Created: 2008-12-16
Size: 52 flashcards
Views: 53

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Social Psychology

Scientific study of how individuals think, feel, and behave in a social context

Context-Dependent Nature of Experience

Extent to which patterns of psychological experiences are shaped by contextual forces: temporary situations, enduring cultural settings, or particular historical circumstances

(Socially) Constructed Nature of Experience

W/out access to "reality" we build an experience of reality based on theories about how the world works

Operational Definition

The specific procedures for manipulating or measuring a concceptual variable (love, happiness, violence)

Self

The totality of an individuals experience of being, including a explicit concious and an implicit/unconcious components

Identity

Experience of being organized inot a coherent narrative or story about one's being based aroun an external, social location.

Diachronic

Narrating life story across time

Synchronic

different, probably conflicting, roles and relationships that characterize a given life in the here and now
EX: Woman + presidential candidate

Proximal

Factorals that influence behavior in the here and now
EX: temp situations

Distal

Factors that are removed in time from a given context or epsiode

Self Concept

The sum total of beleifs that people have about themselves

Self Schemas

Beleifs about oneself that guide processing of self-relavent information

Affective Forcasting

Process of predicting how one would feel in response to future emotional events

Durability Bias

People overestimate the strength and duration of emotional reactions

Self Perception Theory

When internal cues are difficult to interpret, people gain self-insight by observing their own behavior and the situation in which it occurs
EX: Falling asleep in the movie

Overjustification effect

Tendency for intrinsic motivations to diminish for activities that have become associated with reward or other extrinsic factors

Social Comparison Theory

People evaluate their own abilities and opinions by comparing themselves to others

Two-Factor Theory of Emotion

Schacter-->Experience of emotion is based on 1) physiological arousal, 2) cognitive interpretation of that arousal

Self Esteem

affective component of the self, consisting of a person's positive and negative self-evaluations

Terror Management Theory

Humans cope with the fear of their own inevitable death by constructing cultural worldviews that preserve self-esteem

Self Discrepancy Theory

Pur self-esteem is defined by the match or mismatch of how we see ourselves and how we want to see ourselves

Self-Awareness Theory

Self-focused attention leads people to notice self-discrepancies, thereby motivating either an escape from self awareness or a change in behavior

Self handicapping

Behaviors desinged to sabotage one's own performance in order to provide a subsequent excuse for failur

Baskin in reflected glory

increases self esteem by associating with others who are successful

Downward Social Comparison

the defensive tendency to compare ouselves with others who are worse off than us

Self-presentation

strategies people use to shape what others think of them

Spot light effect

Tendency to believe that the social spotlight shines more brightly on us than it really does

Self verification

the desire to have others percieve us as we truly are

Social Perception

Processes through which we seek to know and understand other people

Attributions

Inferences about the causes of peoples behavior

Correspondent inference theory

how we use the behavior of others to infer their stable dispositions

Fundamental attribution error

Tendency to focus on the role of personal causes and underestimate the impact of situations on others behavior

Heuristics

Simple rules for making ocmplex decisions or drawing inferences in rapid and seemingly effortless manner

Availability Heuristic

Base judgements on the ease with which we can bring information to mind

False consensus effect

Tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our opinions, attributes, and behaviors

EX: voting for jon kerry because you think everyone else is

Base Rate Fallacy

Tendency for people to be realively insensitive to probabilities or "base-rate" information
EX: my dad was in a train crash--> so i won't go on trains

Counterfactual thinking

Tendency to imagine alternative events or outcomes that might have occurred but didn't

Impression formation

Process of integrating information about a person to form a coherent impression

Priming

Tendency for recently used (or exposed to) words or ideas to come to mind easily and influence the interpreation of new information

Confirmation Biases

Tendencies to seek, interpret, and create information that verifies existing beliefs

Belief perseverance

Tendency to maintain beliefs even after they have been discredited

Confirmatory hypothesis testing

seeking out information that confirms one's existing expectations

Self-fulfilling prophecy

process of how initial expectations about a person eventually leads them to behave in ways that confirm the expectations

Social Role Theory

perceptions of gender differences are magnified by the unequal social roles occupied by men and women

Implicit association test

measures cultural associations by measuring how quickly people respond to word pairings

Social Identity Threat

reminder of devalueing of a group whom one is identified with.

Stereotype threat

mere awareness that one's actions can be interpreted in terms of a negative stereotype can constitue a burden that harms performance and identities

Stereotype Lift

Conditions that promote underperformance among stereotyped groups also tend to promote over-performance among advantaged groups

Realistic conflict Theories

Prejudice/hostility between groups is caused by competition for valuable, limited resources

Superordinate goals

Shared goals that can be achieved only through cooperation

Social Identity theory

people facor ingroups over outgroups in order to enhance their self-esteem

Self-affirmation theory

people are less defensive about threatening information if they first experience a boost in their overall sense of moral adequacy