Final Exam Portion 1

Botany 300 with Otegui at University of Wisconsin - Madison

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By: Whitney Beilke
Created: 2010-11-28
Size: 44 flashcards
Views: 32

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functions of the root (4)

1. Water and ion absorption
2. anchorage
3. storage
4. gravity-sensing organ

specialized root functions (4)

1. storage in the sweet potato, carrot, and radish
2. attachment (epiphytes)
3. penetration of host tissues (parasitic plants)
4. symbiotic associations

what are the two types of root systems?

1. taproot
2. fibrous

taproot

lateral roots are derived from a primary root, and ALL roots are derived from an embryonic root

fibrous root system

the primary root aborts and the root system is made up of adventitious roots

what types of plants have a taproot system?

gymnosperms and dicots

what types of plants have fibrous root system?

monocots

root cap

covers differentiating cells in the root to protect fragile meristematic cells as the root pushes through rough soils, produces mucilage for lubrication

in the root, vascular tissues are located where?

at the center

vascular cylinder

the vascular tissues and the pericycle

pericycle - 1. derived from? 2. types of cells? 3. how many layers?

1. derived from procambium
2. parenchyma or sclerenchyma
3. one ore several cell layers

endodermis - what? derived from?

the innermost layer of the cortex, everything inside the vascular tissue -- derived from the procambium

roots - what type of maturation?

centripetal maturation - differentiates from periphery to the center of the root

# of protoxylem poles in dicots?

usually 2 to 5

protoxylem poles in monocots

polyarch roots -- there are too many poles to count, no distinct star shape, have a pith (derived from the procambium)

casparian strips - cell walls?

secondary cell walls, and primary cell walls & middle lamella impregnated with suberin and lignan forming bands in radial and transverse cell wall of endodermis cells

casparian strips are impermeable to?

water and ions - they must go through the plasma membrane or plasmodesmata

apoplastic water transport?

water transport via the cell walls and intercellular spaces (provides for less resistance)

symplastic water transport?

water transport from protoplast to protoplast through the plasmodesmata

passage cells

a few cells in the endodermis that do NOT develop a deposition of internal suberin lamella over all the wall surfaces and deposition of secondary CW inside the suberin lamella

passage cells always coincide with what?

the xylem poles

exodermis

the outermost cortex layer that is located directly below the epidermis

function of exodermis?

prevents water from being lost from the cortex (especially in dry soils, also have casparian strips)

aerial roots have a multiseriate epidermis (velamen) - why?

mechanical protection and reduction in water loss

velamen is composed of what?

composed of dead cells and has an exodermis

closed root apical meristem organization

the vascular cylinder, cortex, and root cap each have their own initials cells

open root apical meristem organization

all the regions (vascular cylinder, cortexd, and root cap) have common initial cells

quiescent center

central area of a closed apical meristem that is not very active in division but is thought to control initials (resstores them)

in a closed type root - the epidermis is derived from?

the outermost layer of the cortex or from the root cap initials

columella cells

the only cells in the root that can perceive gravity that have heavy, pebble-like cells and contain amyloplasts f

what types of cells divide to form the lateral root primordia?

pericycle founder cells

lateral roots for during or after tissues have differentiated?

only after tissues have formed

adventitious roots?

roots that arise on aerial parts and old root parts

adventitious roots usually arise close to what?

vascular tissues

adventitious roots are found in monocots or dicots?

monocots

adventitious roots are derived from?

parenchyma cells in the phloem (in the root)

secondary vascular tissues in root shape?

forms rings, star shape may be lost

cork cambium may arise from where in the root?

pericycle

can roots with secondary growth absorb water?

no!

what gives rise to secondary growth cambiums in the root?

the pericycle

mycorrhizae - explain significance

have a symbiotic association between roots and fungi, teh fungi increase water uptake and ions, and plants provide sugars to the fungus

two types of mycorrhizae

1. ectomycorrhizae
2. endomycorrhizae

ectomychorrizae

hyphae forma mantle over the roots

endomychorrizae

hyphae penetrate the cell wall of the root cortex cells

About this deck

By: Whitney Beilke
Created: 2010-11-28
Size: 44 flashcards
Views: 32

About StudyBlue

“I have used this website for three exams, and I see a huge difference in my test results.”
Naj