Final Exam Review Questions

a. adenomyosis

b. myometrial polyps

c. leiomyomas

d. adenomas

A 40 year old female presents with cramping and excessive vaginal bleeding. Ultrasound reveals benign uterine tumors in the smooth muscle cells of the myometrium. These tumors are commonly called:

a. osmotic

b. secretory

c. hypotonic

d. motility

A 34 year old male was diagnosed with a bacterial gastrointestinal infection. Which of the following typs of diarrhea would most likely occur with his condition?

a. extreme exercise

b. long periods of standing

c. trauma to deep veins

d. ischemia

A 75 year old obese female presents to her physician complaining of edema in her lower extremities. Physical exam reveals that she has varicose veins. Which of the following is a probable cause?

a. pneumonitis and pneumonia

b. bronchiectasis

c. pneumothorax

d. emphysema

A 65 year old male recently had a cerbrovascular accident that resulted in dysphagia. He now has aspiration of gastric contents. This condition could cause:

a. idiopathic fracture

b. iatrogenic fracture

c. pathologic fracture

d. greenstick fracture

A 70 year old female with osteoporosis fractures her leg at a location of preexisting abnormality. She reports that the fracture occurred following a minor fall. Which of the following best describes the fracture?

a. myodysplasia

b. ischemic atrophy

c. disuse atrophy

d. deconditioning hypoplasia

A 32 year old male was injured in a motor vehicle accident and confined to bed for 3 weeks. During this time, the size and strength of muscle fibers decreased, a condition referred to as:

a. right heart failure

b. left heart failure

c. asthma

d. lung cancer

The most common cause of pulmonary edema is:

a. iron deficiency anemia

b. pernicious anemia

c. sideroblastic anemia

d. hemolytic anemia

A newborn is diagnosed with congenital intrinsic factor deficiency. From what of the following types of anemia does he suffer?

a. vitamin B12 deficiency

b. iron deficiency

c. folate deficiency

d. bone marrow failure

A 67 year old female has chronic gastrointestinal bleeding. The primary cause of her anemia is:

a. phimosis

b. lateral phimosis

c. lateral paraphimosis

d. Peyronie disease

An 18 year old male presents complaining of difficulty having sexual intercourse. He reports that his penis curves during erection. This condition is referred to as:

a. left ventricle

b. systemic arteries

c. deep veins of leg

d. superficial veins of arm

A 28 year old female presents with severe chest pain and shortness of breath. She is diagnosed with pulmonary embolism, which most likely originated from the:

a. fibrosis of the lower third of the esophagus

b. sympathetic nerve stimulation

c. loss of muscle tone at the lower esophageal sphincter

d. reverse peristalsis of the stomach

A 50 year old male is experiencing reflux of chyme from the stomach. He is diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux. This condition is caused by:

a. ovarian cancer

b. infertility

c. early menopause

d. pelvic inflammatory disease

A 30 year old female with newly diagnosed polycystic ovarian syndrome is being counseled by her OB-GYN. The physician indicates that this condition often results in:

a. hyperventilation

b. hypoventilation

c. apnea

d. cyanosis

A 20 year old male is in acute pain. An arterial blood gas reveals decreased carbon dioxide levels. Which of the folloing is the most likely cause?

a. increased androgen levels

b. decreased estrogen levels

c. strenous exercise

d. excessive dietary calcium

A 70 year old female presents with a hip fracture. She is diagnosed with osteoporosis. One factor that most likely contributed to her condition is:

a. accumulation of bile in the hepatic duct

b. obstruction of the cystic duct by a gallstone

c. accumulation of fat in the wall of the gallbladder

d. viral infection of the gallbladder

Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder wall usually caused by:

a. brain hypoxia

b. liver hypoxia

c. heart failure

d. kidney failure

A 50 year old male experienced loss of appetite, weight loss, and beefy red tongue shortly before his death. Autopsy would most likely reveal:

a. increased sympathetic nervous system response

b. the release of stress hormones

c. exposure to an allergen causing mast cell degranulation

d. hereditary decrease in IgE responsiveness

Airway hyperresponsiveness in asthma is related to:

a. recurrent prostatitis

b. a diet high in fat

c. cigarette smoking

d. increased age

An important risk factor in the development of benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) is:

a. arterial wall thinning and weakening

b. abnormally dilated arteries and veins

c. abnormal thickening and hardening of vessel walls

d. autnomic nervous system imbalances

A 60 year old male presents to his physician complaining of chest pain. He is diagnosed with athersclerosis. This disease is caused by:

a. estrogen deficit

b. genetic cancerous mutations

c. cortisol excess

d. hyperinsulinemia

A 25 year old female presents with amenorrhea and hirsutism. She is diagnosed with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Lab testing will most likely reveal:

a. polycythemia vera

b. leukemia

c. sideroblastic anemia

d. hemosiderosis

A 57 year old male presents to his physician for red face, hands, feet, ears, and headache and drowsiness. A blood smear reveals an increased number of erythrocytes, indicating:

a. rectocele

b. variocele

c. cystocele

d. urethrocele

The descent of the bladder and the anterior vaginal wall into the vaginal canal is called a:

a. prostate cancer

b. benign prostatic hypertrophy

c. urinary tract infection

d. epididymitis

Symptoms of prostatitis are similar to symptoms of:

a. infants

b. men

c. women

d. the elderly

_________ are most at risk of spinal cord injury from minor trauma.

a. eating meat

b. the geographic location of home

c. exposure to infeection

d. cigarette smoking

A 56 year old male is diagnosed with coronary artery disease. Which of the following modifiable risk factors would most likely influence development of this disease?

a. paraphimosis

b. phimosis

c. pre-phimosis

d. priaprism

A 30 year old male presents with penile tenderness and discharge. Physical examination reveals that his foreskin cannot be retracted back over the glans penis. He is suffering from:

a. hyperbilirubinemia and jaundice

b. fluid and electrolyte imbalances

c. impaired ammonia metabolism

d. decreased cerebral blood flow

Problems associated with hepatic encephalopathy from chronic liver disease are the result of:

(rise in ammonia levels in blood, decreased cerebral blood flow)

a. stroke-in-evolution

b. arteriovenous malformation

c. transient ischemic attack

d. cerebral hemorrhage

A 72 year old male demonstrates left-sided weakness of upper and lower extremities. The symptoms disappear in 24 hours. He most likely experienced a:

a. hyperchromic

b. hypochromic

c. macrocytic

d. microcrytic

Erythrocytes that are ________ contain an abnormally low concentration of hemoglobin.

a. an autosomal recessive trait

b. autoimmunity

c. excessive use of antibiotics as a young child

d. interactions between genetic and environmental factors

Asthma is thought to be caused by:

a. concussion

b. chronic subdural hematoma

c. epidural hematoma

d. subacute subdural hematoma

A 69 year old male with a history of alcohol abuse presents to the ER after a month-long episode of headaches and confusion. Based on his alcoholism, a likely cause of his neurologic symptoms is:

a. phosphate

b. bilirubin

c. urate

d. cholesterol

A 38 year old female presents with abdominal pain and jaundice. She is diagnosed with gallstones and undergoes cholecystectomy (surgical removal of gall bladder). An analysis of her gallstones would most likely reveal a high concentration of:

a. follicular cyst

b. dermoid cyst

c. corpus luteal cyst

d. atretic cyst

During a routine pelvic exam, a 34 year old female is found to have an ovarian cyst containing skin, hair, cartilage, and bone. This cyst is classifed as a:

a. density

b. formation

c. resorption

d. mineralization

A 70 year old female presents with a hip fracture. She is diagnosed with osteoporosis (osteoclasts break down and release the minerals, calcium into the blood stream) . This condition is caused by an increase in bone:

a. dyspnea on exertion

b. orthopnea

c. apnea

d. tachypnea

A 20 year old male presents to his physician complaining of difficulty breathing when lying down. This condition is referred to as:

a. lack of breast development in women

b. overdevelopment of breast tissue in males

c. a type of breast cancer

d. inflammation of the mammary glands in lactating women

Gynecomastia is:

a. pathophysiologic differences

b. clinicial severity

c. genetic traits

d. treatment outcomes

Asthma is classified by:

a. synovial membrane

b. articular cartilage

c. subchondral bone

d. surrounding ligaments

A 34 year old female was recently diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis. Physical examination revealed that inflammation started in the:

a. osmotic diarrhea

b. secretory diarrhea

c. hypotonic diarrhea

d. motility diarrhea

A 20 year old male was recently diagnosed with lactose intolerance. He eacts an ice cream cone and develops diarrhea. His diarrhea can be classified as:

a. infection

b. hormonal imbalances

c. tissue injury

d. cancer

A 35 year old nonpregnant female presents complaining of breast discharge. This condition is most likely caused by:

a. hyponatremia

b. hyperkalemia

c. hypernatremia

d. hypokalemia

A 54 year old patient with pulmonary tuberculosis (lung infection) is evaluated for syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH). Which of the following electrolyte imbalances would be expected in this patient?

a. a deficiency of bile that stimulates digestive secretions and bowel motility

b. excess of amylase

c. overgrowth of bacteria from undigested fat

d. an excess of undigested lactose in her digestive tract, resulting in increased fluid movement into the digestive lumen and increased bowel motility

A 3 month old female develops colicky pain, abdominal distention, and diarrhea after drinking cow's milk. The best explanation for her symptoms is:

a. cervical

b. ovarian

c. endometrial

d. vulvar

A 21 year old female is infected with HPV following unprotected sexual intercourse with a male she recently met. She is now at a higher risk of developing which of the following cancers?

a. polyuria

b. edema

c. vomiting and abdominal cramping

d. thirst

Diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, and SIADH share which of the following clinical manifestations?

a. decresed urinary stream

b. infertility

c. sexual dysfunction

d. prostatodynia

A middle-aged male speaks to his physician about bening prostatic hypertrophy. He reveals that his father was recently diagnosed with this condition, and he wants to know if he could have it. The physician tells him that a common complaint from men with mild to moderate benign prostatic hypertrophy is:

a. cyanosis

b. hemoptysis

c. hematemesis

d. ischemia

A 65 year old female with emphysema presents to the ER for difficulty breathing. Physical exam reveals bluish skin and mucous membranes. This condition is referred to as:

a. a familial, autosomal dominant gene defect

b. obesity and lack of exercise

c. immune destruction of pancreas

d. hyperglycemia from eating too many sweets

A 12 year old female is newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM). Which of the following is the most likely cause of her disease?

a. hypersecretion of pepsin by stomach

b. chronic gastritis

c. hypersecretion of acid by duodenum

d. bacterial infection (H. pylori)

The primary cause of duodenal ulcers:

a. hernia

b. ileus

c. torsion

d. intussusception

A 29 year old male presents complaining of colicky pain followed by vomiting, sweating, nausea, and hypotension. Testing reveals a condition in which one part of the intestine telescopes into another. From which type of intestinal obstruction is he suffering?

a. fat

b. lycopene

c. fiber

d. calcium

A 40 year old male is concerned about the possibility of developing prostate cancer. He reports that his father died of prostate cancer, and he wants to take all preventive meaures. He is told to consume a diet low in:

a. pyloric stenosis

b. gastric cancer

c. achalasia

d. hiatial hernia

A 45 year old male complains of heartburn after eating and difficulty swallowing. He probably has:

a. men age 40 to 50 years

b. premonopausal women

c. male adolescents

d. female children

Which of the following people is at highest risk for the development of gout?

a. premenstruaal syndrome

b. dysfunctional uterine bleeding

c. polycystic ovarian syndrome

d. primary dysmenorrhea

A 20 year old female presents with irregular and heavy bleeding, passage of large clots, and anemia. She is most likely experiencing:

a. improved eating habits

b. chronic hypertension

c. bulima nervosa

d. cardiac failure

A 16 year old female is diagnosed with anorexia nervosa. Excessive weight loss can cause:

a. incubation period of 180 days

b. an acute onset with fever

c. a positive carrier state

d. a sexual mode of transmission

Hepatitis A is characterized by:

a. tendon injury

b. undiagnosed hypertension

c. excessive muscular activity

d. undetected cardiac abnormalities

After the Boston Marathon, seven runners were admitted to local hospitals with suspected myoglobinuria (rhabdomylolysis). What is the most likely cause of myoglobinuria in these athletes?

a. pain below level of injury

b. loss of autonomic reflexes above injury

c. loss of voluntary control below the injury

d. hyperactive spinal reflexes below the injury

An initial clinal manifestation associated with acute spinal cord injury is:

a. mental retardation and stunted growth

b. increased risk of childgood thyroid cancer

c. hyperactivity and attention deficit disorder

d. liver, kidney, and pancreas failure

A 3 year old male was diagnosed with congenital hypothyroidism. If left untreated, the child would have:

a. anorexia nervosa

b. bulimia nervosa

c. long-term starvation

d. emetic syndrome

A 13 year old female confides to her mother that she binge eats and induces vomiting to prevent weight gain. This disease is referred to as:

a. anemia

b. aneurysm

c. lack of nutrition in gut lumen

d. atherosclerosis

The most common cause of chronic mesenteric (vascular) insufficiency is:

a. high levels of circulating thyroid-stimulating antibodies

b. ectopic secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

c. low circulating levels of thyroid hormones

d. stimulation of thyroid-binding globulin

A 35 year old female with Graves disease is admitted to a medical-surgical unit. Lab tests would most likely reveal:

a. ulcerative colitis

b. hiatial hernia

c. pyloric obstruction

d. achalasia

A 50 year old male complains of abdominal pain, diarrhea, and bloody stools. A possible diagnosis would be:

a. severity

b. location of lesions

c. patient's age

d. signs and symptoms

Chronic gastritis is classified according to the:

a. being vegetarian

b. being alcoholic

c. age

d. gender

A 40 year old male vegetarian is diagnosed with folate deficiency anemia. He reports that he is an alcoholic. Which of the following factors put him at greatest risk for developing this disease?

(folic acid found in leafy green vegetables)

a. decreased blood flow to eye

b. orbital edema and extraocular muscle paralysis

c. TSH neurotoxicity to retinal cells

d. local lactic acidosis

Visual disturbances are a common occurence in patients with untreated Graves disease. The main cause of these complications is:

a. is currable with antiviral agents

b. is an autoimmune disease

c. arises from rheumatic fever

d. has the same causes as osteoarthritis

Researchers have now determined that rheumatoid arthritis:

a. diverticulosis

b. hemorrhoids

c. esophageal varices

d. cancer

The most common disorder assiociated with upper gastrointestinal bleeding is:

a. pale skin

b. iron overload

c. normochromic erythrocytes

d. aplastic bone marrow

A 50 year old female was diagnosed with sideroblastic anemia (bone marrows inability to manufacture normal RBC's) . Which of the following would most likely occur?

a. a pituitary adenoma

b. hypothalamic hyposecretion

c. hypothalamic inflammation

d. a neurohypophyseal tumor

A 15 year old female presents with breast discharge, dysmenorrhea, and excessive excitability. Tests reveal that all her pituitary hormones are elevated. The most likely cause is:

a. hematemesis

b. cyanosis

c. rhinitis

d. hemoptysis

A 28 year old male complains to his physician that he has had a cold for a week and is coughing up bloody secretions. This condition is referred to as:

a. visceral

b. somatic

c. parietal

d. retroperitoneal

A 40 year old female presents complaining of pain near the midline in the epigastrium (part of upper abdomen immediately over stomach). Assuming the pain is caused by a stimulus acting on the abdominal organ, the pain felt is classified as:

a. the fracture is parallel to the bone

b. the fracture line is diagonal to the shaft of the bone

c. the fracture line is perpendicular to the bone

d. the fracture line is vertical to the shaft of the bone

A 65 year old Hispanic female is admitted to the hospital with a pathologic, compound, oblique fracture of the femur. Which of the following statements best describes this type of fracture?

a. abnormal receptor activity

b. abnormal hormone levels

c. increased synthesis of second messengers

d. extracellular electrolyte alterations

General causes of abnormal target cell responses include:

a. left heart failure

b. pulmonary embolus

c. immunosuppression

d. recurrent pulmonary infections

A 25 year old me presents with chronic bronchitis of 5 months' duration. Which of the following is the most significant concern in this patient?

a. hereditary hormonal imbalances with high gastrin levels

b. breaks in the mucosa and presence of corrosive secretions

c. decreased vagal activity and vascular engorgement

d. gastric erosions related to high ammonia levels and bile reflux

A 54 year old male is diagnosed with peptic ulcer disease. This condition is most likely caused by:

a. Chlaymdia trachomatis

b. adenovirus

c. human papillomavirus

d. herpes simplex virus

A 19 year old female presents with genital warts. Which of the following would cause this condition?

a. pernicious anemia

b. folate deficiency anemia

c. iron deficiency anemia

d. sideroblastic anemia

A 20 year old female undergoes lab testing for anemia. Results show high iron, bilirubin, and transferrin and low hemoglobin and hematocrit. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

a. increased acid secretion

b. occurrence of chronic ulcers

c. pain with eating

d. bloody diarrhea

A 39 year old female presents with chronic intermittent pain in the epigastric area 2 to 3 hours after eating. She is diagnosed with a duodenal ulcer associated with:

a. a shift of fluids to the peritoneal cavity

b. a loss of protein to the gut lumen

c. a neurogenic reflex to the sympathetic nervous system

d. malabsorption

Hypotension and shock are serious consequences of bowel obstruction caused by:

a. constipation

b. diarrhea

c. vomiting

d. heartburn

The cardinal sign of pyloric stenosis caused by ulceration of tumors is:

a. allergic reactions

b. cold exposure

c. hot water immersion

d. tissue injury

Individuals with Raynaud disease have severe symptoms under which of the following conditions?

a. absence of menstruation

b. painful menstruation

c. unusually long menstrual period

d. menstrual irregularity

An 18 year old female is diagnosed with dysmenorrhea. Which of the following symptoms will she most likely experience?

a. ferritin

b. gastric enzymes

c. intrinsic factor

d. erythropoietin

A 35 year old female is diagnosed with vitmain B12 deficiency anemia. A decrease in which of the following is the most likely cause?

a. idiopathic vasospasm

b. arterial emboli from heart valave vegetation

c. atherosclerosis

d. venous emboli

The most common cause fo myocardial ischemia is:

a. preadolescent boys

b. adolescent boys

c. adolescent girls

d. elderly adults

The incidence of fractures of the pelvis is highest in:

a. normal bowel sounds and mild abdominal pain

b. hematemesis and melena

c. cramping abdominal pain and abdominal distention

d. hypertension and anemia

Common symptoms of acute vascular insufficiency include:

a. lack of estrogen

b. stress

c. elevated prostaglandins

d. poor nutrition

A 20 year old female presents with pelvic and back pain severe enough to miss work. She reports that the pain occurs with the onset of menses. Physical examination fails to find pelvic pathology. The most likely cause of her condition is:

a. therapeutic phlebotomy

b. restoration of blood volume by plasma expanders

c. the administration of packed red blood cells

d. iron replacement therapy

A 67 year old female is admitted to the emergency room with a diagnosis of polycythemia vera. Treatment for her condition might involve:

a. joint swelling

b. hypermobility of joints

c. contractures

d. joint pain

A 54 year old male was recently diagnosed with osteoarthritis. Which of the following symptoms is he most likely experiencing?

a. colon cancer

b. pancreatitis

c. appendicitis

d. ascites

A 16 year old female presents with abdominal pain in the right lower quadrant. Physical examination reveals rebound tenderness and a low-grade fever. A possible diagnosis would be:

a. infection

b. ovulation

c. prostaglandins

d. fertilization

A 35 year old female is diagnosed with endometriosis. Suppressing which of the following would be the most appropriate medical treatment for this disease?

a. increased intracranial pressure may occur

b. reflexes will be disrupted

c. diaphragm function may be impaired

d. bladder emptying will not occur

A 33 year old male is brought to the emergency department for treatment of injuries received in a motor vehicle accident. An MRI reveals an injury of the cervical cord. Cord swelling in this region may be life threatening because:

a. race

b. diet

c. age

d. genes

A 30 year old Caucasian female was recently diagnosed with primary hypertension. She reports that she eats fairly well, usually having red meat and potatoes daily. She also reports that her father has hypertension as well. Which of the following risk factors is most likely associated with this diagnosis?

a. frontal region

b. temporal region

c. parietal region

d. occipital region

A 25 year old male was in an automobile accident. At impact, his forehead struck the windshield. In this situation, the coup injury would occur in the:

a. unconjugated bilirubin only

b. conjugated bilirubin only

c. unconjugated and conjugated bilirubin

d. urobilinemie

Intrahepatic obstructive jaundice is characterized by elevated levels of serum:

a. rheumatic heart disease

b. thrombi

c. aneurysms

d. hypotension

A 60 year old female with a recent history of head trauma and long-term history of hypertension presents to the ER for changes in mental status. MRI reveals that she had a hemorrhage stroke. This type of stoke is often caused by:

a. adolescents

b. elderly adults

c. infants

d. premenopausal females

Transchondral fractures are most prevalent in:

a. thrombosis in spleen

b. cirrhosis of liver

c. left ventricular failure

d. renal stenosis

A 54 year old male complains that he has been vomiting blood. Tests reveal portal hypertension. Which of the following is the most likely cause of his condition?

a. thrombus

b. embolus

c. thromboembolus

d. varicosity

A detatched blood clot is called a:

a. degeneration and loss of epiphyses

b. degeneration and loss of articular cartilage

c. loss of synovial fluid

d. degeneration of the joint capsule

A 54 year old female was recently diagnosed with degenerative joint disease. This condition causes:

a. insufficiency

b. greenstick

c. fatigue

d. compound

A 32 year old obese male beings a jogging routine. A week after beginning, he fractures his leg. This fracture is referred to as a _______ fracture.

a. Escherichia coli

b. Lactobacillus acidophilus

c. Candida albicans

d. Neisseria gonorrhoeae

A 23 year old sexually active female presents with white copious discharge and itch. She is diagnosed with yeast vaginitis caused by overgrowth of which microogranism?

a. penetrating trauma

b. diffuse axonal injury

c. focal brain injury

d. concussion

The most common type of traumatic brain injury:

a. bacterial infection

b. viral infection

c. alcoholism

d. drug overdose

A 55 year old male died in a motor vehicle accident. Autopsy revealed an enlarged liver caused by fatty infiltration, testicular atrophy, and mild jaundice secondary to cirrhosis. The most likely cause of his condition is:

a. sprain

b. strain

c. disunion

d. fracture

A 12 year old female hurts her ankle while playing basketball. Tests reveal that she tore a ligament. This condition is known as a:

a. ischemia

b. hypoxia

c. hypoxemia

d. hypocapnia

Reduced oxygenation of arterial blood is called:

a. dislocation

b. subluxation

c. sublimation

d. nonunion

A 35 year old female suffers a broken clavicle following a motor vehicle accident. X-ray reveals that the bone surfaces and the joint partially lost contact with each other. The condition it called:

a. Cheyne-Stokes

b. Frank-Starling

c. apnea

d. orthopnea

A 30 year old female received a severe head injury in a motor vehicle accident. She is now experiencing respiratory abnormalities characterized by alternating periods of deep and shallow breathing. This condition is referred to as:

a. hyperglyxemia resulting from incorrect insulin administration

b. dawn phenomenon caused by eating a snack before gym class

c. hypoglycemia caused by increased exercise

d. Somogyi effect caused by insulin sensitivity

A 13 year old male who uses insulin to control his type 1 diabetes experiences hunger, lightheadiness, tachycardia, pallor, headache, and confusion during gym class. The most probably cause of these symptoms is:

a. recurrent infections, visual changes, fatigue, and paresthesias

b. polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, and weight loss

c. vomiting, abdominal pain, sweet fruity breath, dehydration, and Kussmaul breathing

d. weakness, vomiting, hypotension, and mental confusion

A 11 year old male, is newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Before treatment he most likely experienced:

a. pain relief with eating

b. an increased risk of gastric cancer

c. regurgitation of bile

d. decresed gastric production

A 46 year old female is diagnosed with gastric ulcers. This disease is associated with:

a. thromboembolism

b. deep vein thrombosis

c. superior vena cava syndrome

d. chronic venous insufficiency

A 50 year old male with a 30 year history of smoking was diagnosed with broncogenic cancer. He developed edema and venous distention in the upper extremities and face. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

a. age

b. gender

c. diabetes

d. race

A 30 year old white male recently suffered a cerebrovascular accident. Which of the following is the most likely factor that contributed to his stroke?

a. exertion

b. eating

c. standing up

d. laying down

Orthostatic hypertension refers to a drop in blood pressure with:

a. fats and fat-soluble vitamins

b. water-soluble vitamins

c. proteins

d. all macronutrients

Clinical manifestations of bile salt deficiencies are related to poor absorption of:

a. aseptic meningitis

b. bacerial meningitis

c. funal meningitis

d. nonpurulent meningitis

A 25 year old female presents to her physician complaining of fever, headache, nuchal rigidity, and decreased consciousness. She was previously treated for sinusitis. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

a. purines

b. pyrimidines

c. uric acid

d. acetic acid

A 46 year old male presents with severe pain, redness, and tenderness in the right big toe. He was diagnosed with gouty arthritis. The symptoms he experienced are caused by the crystalization of ______ within the synovial fluid.

a. melena

b. occult breathing

c. hematochezia

d. hematemesis

A 52 year old presents with bleeding from the rectum. This condition is referred to as:

a. bone infections

b. joint injuries

c. bone fractures

d. osteomalacia

A 76 year old female was diagnosed with osteoporosis by radiologic exam. She is at high risk for:

Final Exam Review Questions

Nursing 230 with Gilman at Salve Regina University

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