final exam vocab
Political Science 206 with Williams at Texas A&M University
About this deck
By: Dusty Green
Textbook:
Government in America: People, Politics, and Policy, Brief Edition (9th Edition)
Created: 2009-05-10
Size: 28 flashcards
Views: 23
Textbook:
Government in America: People, Politics, and Policy, Brief Edition (9th Edition)Created: 2009-05-10
Size: 28 flashcards
Views: 23
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have been getting MUCH better grades on all my tests for school. Flash cards, notes, and quizzes are great on here. Thanks!”
Kathy
Kathy
Sign up (free) to study this.
budget
a policy document allocating burdens(taxes) and benefits (expenditures)
expenditures
government spending of revenues. major areas of federal spending are social services and national defense
revenues
the financial resouces of government. the individual income tax and social security tax are two major sources of the federal governments revenue
income tax
shares of individual wages and corporate revenues collected by the government. the sixteenth amendment explicityly authorized congress to levy a tax on income
sixteenth amendment
the constitutional amendment adopted in 1915 that explicityly permitted congress to levy an income tax
federal dept
all the money borrowed by the federal government over the years and still outsanding. today the federal dept is more than $9 trillion
tax expenditures
revenue losses that result from special exemptions, exclusions, or deductions in federal tax laws
social security act
a 1935 law passed during the Great Depression that was intended to provide a minimal level of sustenance to older americans and thus savee them from poverty
medicare
a program added to the social security system in 1965 that provides hospitalization insurance for the elderly and permits older americans to purchase inexpensive coverage for doctor fees and other health expenses
incrementalism
a description of the budgetary process where the beswt predictor of this years budget is last years budget plus a little bit more (an increment). according to Aaron wildavsky, "most of the budget is a product of previous decisions"
uncontrollable expenditures
expenditures that are determined not by a fixed amount of money appropriated by congress butt by how many eligible beneficiaries there are for a program or by previous obligatinos by the government
entitlements
policies for which congress has obligated itself to pay X level of benefits to Y number of recipients. social security benefits are an example
social welfare policies
policies that provie benefits to individuals, either through entitlements or menas testing
entitlement programs
government benefits that certian qualified individuals are entitled to by law, regardless of need
means-tested programs
government programs available only to individuals below a poverty line
income distribution
the "shares" of the national income earned by various groups
income
the amount of funds collected between any two points in time
wealth
the value of asets owned
poverty line
a method used to count the number of poor people, it connsiders what a family must spend for an (austere) standard of living
feminization of poverty
the increasing concentration of poverty among women, especially unmarried women and their children
progressive tax
a tax by which the government takes a greater share of the income of the rich than of the poor -- for example, when a rich family pays 50 percent of its income in taxees, and a poor family pays 5 percent
proportional tax
a tax by which the government takes the same share of income from everyone, rich and poor alike - for example, when both a rich family and a poor family pay 20 percent
regressive tax
a tax in which the burden falls relatively more heavily on low-income groups than on wealthy taxpayers. the opposite of a progressive tax, in which tax rates increase as income increases
earned income tax credit
a "negative income tax" that proviedes income to very poor individuals in lieu of charging them federal income taxes
transfer payments
benefits given by the government directly to individuals. transfer payments may be either cash transfers, such as social security payments and retirement payments to former government employees, or in-kind transfers, such as food stamps and low-interest loans for college educationn
social security act of 1935
created both the social security program and a national assitance program for poor children, usually called AFDC
temporary assistance for needy families
onnce called "aid to families with dependent children," the new name for public assistance to needy families
social security trust fund
the "bank account" into which social secuirty conntributions are "deposited" and used to pay out eligible recipients
About this deck
By: Dusty Green
Textbook: Government in America: People, Politics, and Policy, Brief Edition (9th Edition)
Created: 2009-05-10
Size: 28 flashcards
Views: 23
Textbook:
Government in America: People, Politics, and Policy, Brief Edition (9th Edition)Created: 2009-05-10
Size: 28 flashcards
Views: 23
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have been getting MUCH better grades on all my tests for school. Flash cards, notes, and quizzes are great on here. Thanks!”
Kathy
Kathy