Final Exam
Psychology 2301 with Reed at Tarrant County College
About this deck
By: Alyssa Torres
Created: 2010-12-13
Size: 46 flashcards
Views: 27
Created: 2010-12-13
Size: 46 flashcards
Views: 27
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have been getting MUCH better grades on all my tests for school. Flash cards, notes, and quizzes are great on here. Thanks!”
Kathy
Kathy
Sign up (free) to study this.
Biopsychosocial model
the belief that physical health and illness are determined by the complex interaction of biological factors (genetic predispositions), psychological and behavioral factors (health beliefs, attitudes, lifestyle, stress) and social conditions (family, relationships, social support, cultural influences.)
Conflict
feeling pulled between two opposing desires, motives, or goals. There are three basic types of conflict.
Approach-approach conflict
represents a win-win situation. You’re faced with a choice between two equally appealing outcomes. They are usually easy to resolve and don’t produce much stress.
Avoidance-avoidance conflict
choosing between to unappealing or undesirable outcomes. A common response is to avoid both outcomes by delaying the decision.
Approach-avoidance conflict
a goal has both desirable and undesirable aspects (most stressful type of conflict)
Partial-approach strategy
where you test the waters but you leave yourself “out” before making a final decision or a commitment.
Acculturative stress
the stress that results from the pressure of adapting to a new culture.
What are the 4 possible patterns of acculturation?
Integration, assimilation, separation, marginalization
Integration
individuals continue to value their original cultural customs but also seek to become part of the dominant society. They feel comfortable in both her culture of origin and the culture of the dominant society, moving easily from one to the other.
Assimilation
involves a moderate level of stress, partly because it involves a psychological loss-one’s previous cultural identity. They give up their old cultural identity and try to become part of the new society. People who follow this pattern face the possibility of being rejected either by members of the majority culture or even by members of their original culture.
Separation
people maintain their cultural identity and avoid contact with the new culture. They may refuse to learn the language, live in a neighborhood that is primarily populated by others of the same ethnic background, and socialize only with members of their own ethnic group.
Marginalization
person lacks cultural and psychological contact with both his traditional cultural group and the culture of the new society.
How can stress directly and indirectly affect a person's health?
*Indirectly affects a person’s health by prompting behaviors that jeopardize physical well being, such as not eating or sleeping properly.
*Directly affects physical health by altering body functions, leading to symptoms, illness, or disease.
Fight-or-flight response
a rapidly occurring chain of internal physical reactions that prepare people either to fight or take flight from an immediate threat.
Which systems of the body are involved in the fight-or-flight response according to Walter Cannon?
The sympathetic nervous system and the endocrine system
Corticosteroids
hormones released by the adrenal cortex that play a key role in the body’s response to long term stressors.
Psychoneuroimmunology
an interdisciplinary field that studies the interconnectors among psychological processes, nervous and endocrine system functions, and the immune system.
What did Sheldon Cohen find in regards to stress & susceptibility to the cold virus?
demonstrated that people who are experiencing high levels of stress are more susceptible to infection by a cold virus than people who are not under stress. One reason may be that chronic stress triggers the secretion of corticosteroids, which influence immune system functioning.
Coping
behavioral and cognitive responses used to deal with stressors; involves our efforts to chance circumstances, or our interpretation of circumstances, to make them more favorable and less threatening.
Problem focused coping
aimed at managing or changing a threatening or harmful stressor. Tends to be most effective when you can exercise some control over the stressful situation or circumstances.
Emotion focused coping
you direct your efforts toward relieving or regulating the emotional impact of the stressful situation. Although it doesn’t change the problem, it can help you feel better about the situation.
Escape-avoidance
associated with poor adjustment and symptoms of depression and anxiety. They are also associated with increased psychological distress in facing other types of stressors, such as adjusting to college.
Suggestions for minimizing the effects of stress
1. Avoid or minimize the use of stimulants such as coffee or caffeinated energy drinks.
2. Exercise regularly
3. Get enough sleep
4. Practice a relaxation technique
Differences between physically fit & unfit people in regards to reactivity to stressors and levels of stress hormones
physically fit people are less physiologically reactive to stressors and produce lower levels of stress hormones than sofa slugs.
Difference between normal and abnormal behavior
In many instances, the difference between normal and abnormal behavior is a matter of degree. It is also determined by the social or cultural context in which a particular behavior occurs.
Psychopathology
the scientific study of the origins, symptoms, and development of psychological disorders.
Severe mental disorders and risks for violent behavior
mental disorders are defined as a pattern of behavioral or psychological symptoms that causes significant personal distress, impairs the ability to function in one or more important areas of life, or both.
Body dismorphic disorder
exaggerated concern and preoccupation about minor or imagined defects in appearance.
Generalized anxiety disorder
an anxiety disorder characterized by excessive, global, and persistent symptoms of anxiety; also called free-floating anxiety.
Panic disorder
an anxiety disorder in which the person experiences frequent and unexpected panic attacks. The frequency is highly variable and quite unpredictable. People with panic attacks are quite apprehensive about when and where the next panic attack will hit.
Cognitive-behavioral theory of panic disorder
people with panic disorder tend to misinterpret the physical signs of arousal as catastrophic and dangerous.
Agoraphobia
an anxiety disorder characterized by an extreme and irrational fear of a specific object or situation that interferes with the ability to function in daily life. Literally means “fear of the marketplace” but they also fear having a panic attack in a public place from which it might be difficult to get help.
Classical conditioning
may be involved in the development of a specific phobia that can be traced to some sort of traumatic event.
Operant conditioning
avoidance behavior that characterizes phobias.
Observational learning
some people learn to be phobic of certain animals or objects by observing the fearful reactions of someone else who acts as a model in the situation.
Obsessive compulsive disorder
anxiety disorder in which the symptoms of anxiety are triggered by intrusive, repetitive thoughts and urges to perform certain actions.
Major depression
mood disorder characterized by extreme and persistent feelings of despondency, worthlessness, and hopelessness, causing impaired emotional, cognitive, behavioral and physical functioning.
Disthymic disorder
mood disorder involving chronic, low grade feelings of depression that produce subjective discomfort but do not seriously impair the ability to function.
Cyclothymic disorder
mood disorder characterized by moderate but frequent mood swings that are not severe enough to qualify as bipolar disorder.
3 basic clusters of personality disorders
odd, eccentric personality disorders; dramatic, emotional, erratic personality disorders; and anxious, fearful personality disorders.
Borderline personality disorder
personality disorder characterized by instability of interpersonal relationships, self image, emotions, and marked impulsivity. Moods are uncontrollable, intense, and fluctuate quickly. The personal unpredictably swings from one mood extreme to another.
Paranoid personality disorder
personality disorder characterized by a pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of the motives of others without sufficient basis. Individuals with this disorder are constantly on guard. They think that other people are out to exploit, harm, or dupe them.
Dissociative fugue
dissociative disorder involving sudden and unexpected travel away from home, extensive amnesia, and identity confusion. The person appears completely normal outwardly, but is extremely confused about his or her identity.
Delusion
falsely held belief that persists in spite of compelling contradictory evidence. Schizophrenic delusions are bizarre and far fetched notions.
Disorganized thinking
extremely disorganized behavior, disorganized speech, and flat affect
Types of schizophrenia
*paranoid type
*catatonic type
*disorganized type
*undifferentiated type
About this deck
By: Alyssa Torres
Created: 2010-12-13
Size: 46 flashcards
Views: 27
Created: 2010-12-13
Size: 46 flashcards
Views: 27
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have been getting MUCH better grades on all my tests for school. Flash cards, notes, and quizzes are great on here. Thanks!”
Kathy
Kathy