Final Exam

History 352 with Champion at Syracuse University

About this deck

By: Natasha Schuyler
Textbook:

A Brief History of Ancient Greece: Politics, Society and Culture

Readings in Greek History: Sources and Interpretations
Created: 2012-05-02
Size: 101 flashcards
Views: 7

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Aristotle's Constitution of the Athenians (Athenaion Politeia)

out of the income derived from thecontributions made by the allies and from internal levies more than twenty thousand persons were maintained. For there were 6,000 judges, 1,600 bowmen,1,200 cavalry men, 500 Council-men, 500 guards of the dockyards plus 50 guardson the Acropolis, about 700 state officials at home and about 700 abroad.

Dionysios I of Syracuse

was a Greek tyrant of Syracuse, in what is now Sicily, southern Italy. He conquered several cities in Sicily and southern Italy, opposed Carthage's influence in Sicily and made Syracuse the most powerful of the Western Greek colonies. He was regarded by the ancients as an example of the worst kind of despot—cruel, suspicious and vindictive.

Boule

council of 500

ekklesia

those who are called out together, an assembly

Dokimasia and Euthynae

name used at Athens to denote the process of ascertaining the capacity of the citizens for the exercise of public rights and duties.

the examination of accounts which every public officer underwent on the expiration of his office inClassical Greece

Pynx Hill

is a hill in central Athens, the capital of Greece. Beginning as early as 507 BC, the ancient Athenians gathered on the Pnyx to host their popular assemblies, thus making the hill one of the earliest and most important sites in the creation of democracy.

Moses Finley

1) significant % of population enslaved

2) slaves major force of agricultural production

3) slaves permeate all aspect of society

Eisphora

· Tax of Athenian citizens to pay for the war

· Only the wealthy paid the tax

trierarchy and antidosis

debt similar to a tax, and a duty similar to being conscripted, in the Navy of ancient Athens this type of obligation is called a liturgy

If one of the 1200 wealthiest Athenians eligible was tasked with the performance of a public liturgy and financing one of the many public concerns of Athens, then he could avoid the duty by nominating a richer man who was more qualified than himself to perform it

Arithmetical and Geometric Equality

arithmetical is political equality and justice, everyone accounts for the same vote. Geometric sais the rich have more to lose, they deserve more say in politics.

physis and nomos

Physis = nature , Nomos = Law

Gynaikonitis

a building or portion of house reserved for women

Symposia and Hetairiai

Symposia= drinking party, social activity. Hetairiai = Prostitutes

Thesmophoria

- A festival of the cult of demeter and persephone
- this celebrates the third year of persephone's dissaperance when demeter stopped doing her job of making the grain grow and caused the famines of the summer when no crops would grow

festivals for married athenian women, held in Greek cities, to honor goddess Demeter, daughter persephone.

Aristophanes

Playwright of Athens, Old Comedy, Father of Comedy
made fun of women; finest writer of comedies

Kyrios and Ephikleros

Kyrios= God, Lord, Master. Epikleros= a heiress in ancient athens, a daughter of a man with no mail heirs. Were required to marry their nearest male relative

Aristophanes

Playwright of Athens, Old Comedy, Father of Comedy
made fun of women; finest writer of comedies

Kyrios and Ephikleros

Kyrios= God, Lord, Master. Epikleros= a heiress in ancient athens, a daughter of a man with no mail heirs. Were required to marry their nearest male relative

Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides

3 major Tradegy Playwrites of Greece, in that order.

Demosthenes and philippics

Demosthenes opposed to the idea of Macedon’s expansion, wanted to restore Athens’ supremacy; he realized that Macedonia was trying to conquer Greece and attempted to warn people, but to no avail; when someone is delivering a particularly harsh speech it is called philippics after Phillip II of Macedonia

Sphodrias and Piraeus

was a Spartan general during the period of Greek history known as the Spartan hegemony. Aiming to increase Spartan power in the region, he attempted to march by night to seize the Piraeus, the port of Athens. He retreated back to Boeotia.

Catharsis

According to Aristotle, release from the emotions of pity and fear that have been aroused in an audience watching a tragedy.

Cleansing or purging” of characters in a play

City Dionysia and Lenaea

Dionysia = large festival in Athens for god Dionysus, performance of tradegies and later comedies. Lennaea- same thing as Dionysia, with dramatic compeition.

Paideia

child rearing, education, giving people a well rounded education

Isocrates

Greek rhetorician, was a Sophist (tutored wealthy people)

Sophistic Movement

Sophists gravitate to athens (rich) and educate people for money

Thebes

joined Athens, Corinth, and Argos against Sparta in the Corinthian War (395-387)

Gorgias of Leontini

Greek sophist, rhetorician, philosopher, ..formed the 1st generation of sophists…

Metrics

resident alien, a person who did not have citizen rights in their Greek city state

Lysias

Born in 450s BCE in Athens; metic with Syracusian roots; worked as a logographer (speechwriter); writings contain simple unadorned prose, vivid narratives, character development, and arguments based on what was likely, not what was actually done; not directly involved in politics. one of the 10 attic orators.

Protagoras of Abdera

Pre-socrates philosopher, is credited with creating the role of professional sophists for money.

Thrasymachus in Plato's Republic

The nature of justice, in the city-state and the individual, is a just man happier than an unjust one?

Epaminondas and Pelopidas

Epaminondas was the Thebian General who took Thebes from spartian control to a dominant power in Greece. broke Spartan military power with his victory at Leuctra and liberated the Messenian helots

Gortyn Law Code

code in greek city state of Gortyn. Slave ownership, rape/adultery, womens rights, divorce, property, inheretance

Xenophon, Anabasis

His book “The expedition” record the entire expeditiona gainst the persians, and the journey home. Used as a field guide in early campaigns by alexander

peltasts

Lightly armored troops

--javelin throwers who were fast and flexible

--good for harassing hoplites who were slow due to all of the heavy armor they wore

--it did not take much money to outfit so the fighting could now be done by the poor not just the wealthy

Agesilaus of Sparta

King of sparta, of Eurypontid dynasty. “Persia as the sick man of asia” lame from birth?

Harmosts and Decarchies

Harmosts, Spartan military governors.

Decarchies- Gov't controlled by ten men

The Corinthian War (Places/Event)

1. A Quad-Alliance of Thebes, Corinth, Argos and Athens united to resist Spartan hegemony fought between 395-387
2. Ended when the Spartan Antalkidas, supported by Persia, seized grain supplies in the Hellespont, forcing the rest of Greece to negotiate
3. Concluded with the “King’s Peace” of 386

King's Peace

386 B.C.E.

Persia gets control of all Asian cities (including Ionia), Athens gets control of Lemnos, Imbros, and Skyos. All other Greek states are free. This pretty much appealed to everyone. Sparta also gets to keep the Peloponnesian League. But not Thebes!
Ended Corinthian War

Second Athenian League

Created in 377 B.C, 100 years after the Delian league was created. In this league, allies were given the right to veto and no cleruchies (Athenian colonies) were established nor tribute required. These conditions were put in place in an attempt not violate the Kings Peace treaty of 387 B.C. T

Sacred Band of Thebes

-an elite troop of selected soldiers, consisting of 300 lovers and beloveds

formed the elite force of the Theban army in the 4th century BC

-annihilated by Philip II of Macedon in the Battle of Chaeronea in 338 BCE

-were buried right where they died (RESPECT)

Epaminondas

4th century BC
Leader of the Thebans, he created new military tactics, formations, and added a elite calvalry, the Sacred Band. He fought against Sparta using his new tactics and because of him Thebes became the new main power in Greece.Taught Philip of Macedonia

Koina

a confederation of all Macedonian communities united around the king.

Philip II of Macedonia

responsible for the modernization of his kingdom and the expansion into greece

father of alexander the great

Sacred War

1. War fought in ~350 between the Thebans and Phocians for control of Delphi
2. Significant because Philip II of Macedonia was able to step in and continue the war in place of Thebes and use it as a major distraction for Greece while he consolidated his power in the North
3. Philip was able eventually to negotiated a peaceful settlement.

Battle of Chaeronea

Athens fought Macedonians in 338 B.C., Macedonians crushed Greeks and Philip then took over the Greeks land

Social War

Between athens+its allies and Chios, Rhodes, Cos, and byzantium. Provoked by athens growing power over the 2nd athenian empire.

Lyceum

A school near Athens founded by Aristotle

theoric fund

created by Pericles to assist those who were poor to be able to afford admission to the theatre.

DISSOI LOGOI

countervailing/opposite arguments

-protagoras' main teachings of rhetoric - his students argued both sides of an issue to teach them to be better able to persuade

-for every argument/statement there is an opposite

-every statement invites an opposing one

*Disagreement is unavoidable- way of dealing with it

*Rhetoric allows us to see and generatecompeting arguments or accounts

*Dominant logoi can always bechallenged

Euergetism

When city was low on fund would either ask the elite in the city another King for money.

Argeads

Ruling Family is Argeads from Argos
Draw linage from Herakles and Persies
Ruling power was fragmented until 4th C

Eudaimonia

sophists think it’s the highest level u can reach, study how to reach it "Happiness"

Homonoia

concept of order and unity, being of one mind together, unity of city states

Spartan Agoge

Rigorous training/education system for spartan males

Eratosthenes

was and astronomer in charge of the library in Alexandria

concluded the Earth was round

with knowledge of geometry he measured the Earth's circumference

Olympias

-Greek princess of Epirus , wife of king Phillip II of Macedonia, and mother of Alexander the Great,
- dreamed that a lightning bolt struck her womb and a fire was ignited therein. She dreamed this before she conceived her son Alexander the Great
- thought Alex was the son of Zeus
- suspect in Philllip's assasination

Antipatar

Macedonian general and regent of all of Macedonia (acts as head of state while Alexander is away)

Pixodarus Affair

by offering the hand of his eldest daughter in marriage to Arrhidaeus, the illegitimate son of the Macedonian monarch. The discontent of the young Alexander at this period led him to offer himself as a suitor for the Carian princess instead of his natural brother — an overture which was eagerly embraced by Pixodarus, but the indignant interference of Philip put an end to the whole scheme.

gordion knot

alexander the great
extremely complex problem

Parmenion

1. One of Philip II’s two key “helpers” during his expansion of Macedonia (other was Antipatros) during the mid 4th century
2. Parmenion was Philip’s military assistant in command, a military star in his own right, story about the 10 Athenian generals not as good as 1 Parmenion
3. Allowed Philip II to fight wars on several fronts simultaneously
4. Was in Asia Minor when Philip died

Granicus

River where 40,000 Persians and Alexander the Great met. Alexander won by using calvary to break the persian ranks. 334BC

Battle of Issus

Darius, persian general, saw Alexander and ran. Alexander captured darius' wife and mother, which spurred darius to gather all of persia's army 333BC

Gaugamela

A battle that occurred in 331 between Alexander & Darius III.
The Persian side were superior in number, but not in quality, Alexander was able to win the decisive battle.
Afterwards Darius retreated to Media, where he was killed by Bassus.

Zeus Ammon

The image that Alexander the Great attributed himself to. Alexander visited an oracle who told him he was divine. Adopted the ram's horn of Zeus Ammon. Also connected to Zeus because Herakles is his son. Attributes himself also to Herakles and wears the lion skin. He is Zeus' descendent.

Siwah Oasis

Prior to alexanders conquest in Persia, he arriaved here, at which point the Oracle confirmed him as both divine and the legitimate pharaoh of Egypt.

What happened at the Battle of the Hydaspes River? Why was it important?

Alexander vs. King Porus.

It was his last major battle.

Alexander wins, outnumbered.

Army is fed up, men beg him to stop conquest. Alexander says okay, regroups and wants to head back. Decides he will walk on along the Indes River. Thousands of men die of heat exhaustion.

Roxanne

Wife of alexander the great and mother to Alexander IV

Mutiny at Opis

alexanders troops demanded they return from a long campaign in India,

King Porus

King of Paurava, was a satrap, from Alexander's conquest through India

proskynesis

bowing before a king

Marriages at Susa

324 BCE : alexander forced many generals to marry native women, in an attempt to unify the european/asian people. Failure, many divorces.

Alexander IV

was Alexander's son

never made it to adulthood because he was killed by the generals

also killed his mother

but would have been successor

Philip III Arrhidaeus

Son of phillip II, Became mentally/physically disabled after poisoning from his wife. Was king of macedon (Ruled AFTER alexander the great died)

The Lamian War:

323-322BC.

News of Alexander's death inspired the revolt in Greece. Besieged Antipater in the fortress of Lamia.

Rescued by a force sent by Leonnatus - who was killed in battle.

Athenians finally defeated by Craterus' arrival at the battle of Crannon - 322BC.

End of Greek resistance to Macedonian domination.

Perdiccas

Regent after Alexander's death

Ptolemy 1 Soter

Greek Macedonian General under Alexander the great who came to rule Egypt.

Euhemerus

(Happy, prosperous) Greek Mythographer. Euhemerism – treats mythological accounts as a reflection of actual historical events shaped by retelling and traditional mores.

Eumenes of Cardia

Greek general/scholar, private secretary for phillip II/alexander the great. Supported alexander IV as heir to throne.

Settlement at Triparadeisus

-northern Syria 320. Antipater takes over position of Perdiccas, makes distributions

- Antipater made regent, guardian of kings (for Craterus had died), still general of Europe

- for most part leaves people with what they had

-Eumenes stripped of commands, outlawed

-moved court to Macedonia

-Antigonus: declared general of Asia, charged with the task of eliminating Eumenes

-Seleucus: Babylonia

-A. has his daughter Philia married to Antigonus's son Demetrius

-leaves Cassander under command of Antigonus

Antigonus the One-Eyed

Macedonian general
after funeral games was named Phrygia's satrap
Allied with Antipater and Craterus
After the "Treaty of Triparadeisos" named "General in Asia"
defeated Eumenes and executes him
Named "king" along with Demetrius of the "spear won kingdoms"( must continue to prove yourself and keep conquering)

Diogenes of Sinope

He was the first Cynic and he developed a philosophy that rejected all conventions. He was important because he helped develop Cynicism which lead to other philosophies. He lived from 400-325 B.C. Purpose of life is to live in harmony with others

Seleucus I Nicator

General of A. the great, founded Seleucid dynasty after a. the great died. Satrap of babylon after a. the great died.

Antigonids

Dynasty that ran Greece and Macedonia after the death of Alexander the Great

Diadochoi

The Diadochi (plural of Latin Diadochus, from Greek: Διάδοχοι, Diadokhoi, "Successors") were the rival generals, family and friends of Alexander the Great who fought for the control of Alexander's empire after his death in 323 BC. The Wars of the Diadochi were the turbulent opening of the so-called Hellenistic period.
Ptolemy-Egypt
Seleucus-Syria

Demetrius the Besieger

Son of Antigonus. Invented war weapons and became hostile ruler after "freeing" Athens.

Settlement of 311 BCE

All of the diadochi confirm the existing boundaries and the freedom of the Greek cities. Ptolemy and Lysimachus are confirmed as satraps of Egypt and Thrace, respectively, and Antigonus and Cassander are confirmed as commanders of the army in Asia and Europe. Antigonus, no longer regent but now titled the strategos (officer in charge) of the whole of Asia, rules in Syria from the Hellespont to the Euphrates, including Asia Minor.

Battle at Ipsus

Death of Antigonus, restoration of power inbalance, fought between the Diadochi after Alexander died. Marks the highpoint of the post-alexander struggle for power between the kings.(301BC)

Zeno of Citium

Founder of stoic school of philosophy, taught @ athens, great emphasis on goodness and happiness from living in accordance w/ nature

Galatians

What the Gauls were called

Aetolian Confederation

Established in resistance to Macedonia and the Achaean league. 1st greek ally of Rome. Gathering of tribal communities and cities, “barbaric” in the eyes of Greeks.

Achaean Confederation

League of Greek city-states, weakened macedonian hold of greek penninsula, required macedonian help to fight a strong Sparta and Cleomenes III.

Protogenes of Olbia

ancient greek painter, was a huge patron in Greece.

alexandria

Egyptian city named in honor of Alexander the Great

Lysippus

considered one of 3 greatest sculptors go the classical greek era; supposed to carve a statue of Alexander into Mount Athos

Tyche

Greek goddess of fate and luck, eventually identified with the Roman goddess Fortuna.

cosmopolis

it is said that Alexander dreamed of uniting his empire into a single unified polis called a

Bactrian Kingdom

eastern-most hellenistic Kingdom,

Ai Khanoum [Ai-Khanum]

Founded in 4th century BCE after Alexander the Great's conquests; Avoided the reconstructions and devastations that had befallen so many other Hellenistic cities in this region.

Alexander Romance

is any of several collections of legends concerning the mythical exploits of Alexander the Great. The earliest version is in Greek, dating to the 3rd century. Several late manuscripts attribute the work to Alexander's court historian Callisthenes, but the historical figure died before Alexander and couldn't have written a full account of his life. The unknown author is still sometimes called Pseudo-Callisthenes.