Final Exam
Arts And Sciences 110 with Sonnentag at Kansas State University
About this deck
By: Jake Pritchard
Created: 2010-12-08
Size: 95 flashcards
Views: 69
Created: 2010-12-08
Size: 95 flashcards
Views: 69
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Barnum Effect
tendency to accept descriptions of our personality that are generally true of everyone
EX: Sometimes I'm extroverted and sometimes I'm introverted
Founder of Psychoanalytic theory
Sigmund Freud
Psychoanalytic Theory
Personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts, especially sexual and aggressive drives experienced during childhood
Unconscious
Describes thoughts, feelings, wishes, drives that are below level of conscious awareness
Id
Completely unconscious component that is irrational and seeks immediate satisfaction of drives
EX: I'll just stay in bed
Pleasure principle
motivated to obtain pleasure and avoid discomfort
Superego
Partly conscious, self-evaluate, moralistic component that is formed through the internalization of values (conscious)
EX: I'll get up and go to class because I need to learn
Ego
Rational component that attempts to satisfy the id and superego (executive)
Reality Principle
Accommodates internal and external demands by postponing gratification until an appropriate time
Freud's Psychosexual stages
Childhood stages of development during which the id's pleasure-seeking energies focus on distinct erogenous zones
Oral Psychosexual stage
Pleasure centers on mouth (sucking, biting, chewing)
Anal Psychosexual Stage
Pleasure focuses on bowel and bladder elimination; coping with demands for control
Phallic Psychosexual stage
Pleasure zone is the genitals; coping with incestuous sexual feelings
Latency Psychosexual stage
Dormant sexual feelings
Genital Psychosexual stage
Maturation of sexual interests
Fixation
at each psychosexual stage, if the child does not overcome the conflict, they can become "stuck". This results in lasting behaviors associated with the particular stage
Oedipus Complex in Boys
A child's unconscious sexual desire for the opposite sex parent, usually accompanied by hostile feelings towards same sex parent
EX: boys love mother, scared of castration by father, so identifies with father (Phallic stage)
Electra Complex in Girls
Girls love fathers; have penis envy, but father loves mother so girl identifies with mother to gain fathers love (Phallic stage)
Repression
Banish anxiety provoking thoughts/feelings from conscious memory
Freudian Slip
Slip of tongue when you mean to say one thing but instead say another
(said to reflect unconscious)
Regression
Retreat to a more infantile stage
EX: thumbsucking
Reaction Formation
Switch the unacceptable impulse to the opposite
EX: bitch to hottie
Projection
Disguise own impulses by attributing them to others
EX:You smelt it; you dealt it
Rationalization
Offers self-justifying explanations in place of real more threatening reasons for one's action
EX: Saying a bad grade is okay because it's not important
Displacement
To place impulses toward a more "acceptable", less threatening object of person
EX: yelling at kids, kicking dogs
Denial
Refuse to believe or even recognize painful realities
Frued used "free associations"
Technique that allows a person to talk freely
Exposes underlying issues that are often unacceptable(unconscious)
Projective Tests
Personality test that provides ambiguous stimuli designed to trigger projection of one's inner dynamics
EX: Thematic Apperception Test, Rorschach inkblot test
Who advocated for 16 personality factors
Raymond Cattell
McCrae and Costa
OCEAN Big 5 Personality Factors
Openness, Conscientiousness, Extroversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism
At what age do traits become stable?
30
Social Cognitive Perspective
Behavior is influenced by the interaction between people's traits and their social context
(Proposed by Albert Bandura) Bobo Doll
Self Efficacy
Belief individuals have about their abilities/capabilities to meet the demands of a particular situation
Spotlight Effect
Over estimating others noticing and evaluating us
EX: presume the spotlight is on us
Self-serving bias
Tendency to perceive oneself favorably (often involves taking credit for others achievements
EX: We won/ they lost
False Uniqueness
Tendency to perceive our good qualities (strengths) are rare and perceive our failures as more common
False consensus
Tendency to believe that more people agree with us than disagree
What is abnormal behavior treated with?
Trephination
(drilling holes in one's skull in an attempt to release evil spirits and are those with mental disorders
What is abnormal?
Atypical, Maladaptive, Disturbing, Psychologically disorganized
Somatoform disorder
Deal with perceived discomfort and pain whose source cannot be identified
Medical Model
Diseases (psychological disorders), have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and, in most cases, cured.
Biopsychosocial Model
Idea that biological, psychological, and social-culture factors interact to produce psychological disorders
Anxiety Disorder
Anything that may cause worry or persistent distress. Often accompanied with maladaptive behaviors to reduce anxiety (OCD)
Dissociative disorder
Disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings
Schizophrenia
Characterized by several disorganized and delusional thinking disturbed perceptions and inappropriate emotions/actions
Hypochondriasis
Over sensitivity to symptoms and persistent belief that something is physically or mentally wrong.
Conversion disorder
Emotional or mental trauma causing paralysis
Body dysmorphic disorder
Extreme discomfort with imperfections of the body
Obsessive Compulsive disorder
unwanted repititive thoughts(obsession) and actions (compulsions)
Dissociative fugue
person suffers memory ailment and "leaves", often times assuming a new identity
Dissociative identiy disorder
person exhibits 2 or more distinct and alternating personalities
Depersonalization Disorder
extreme feelings of being detached from or "outside" oneself
Social Psychology
Study of how individuals think, feel, and behave in social situations
The scientific study of how we relate to each other
Attitudes
feelings often influenced by our beliefs, that predispose our reactions to objects, people, and events
Attribution theory
We explain someone's behavior by creating either the situation or the person's dispositions (personality)
Depends on situation vs. disposition
Fundamental Attribution Situation Error
Tendency for observers of anothers behavior to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal dispositions
Disposition
The person is an idiot for cutting you off
Situation
A man driving his pregnant wife to the hospital
Persuasion
Producing an attitude or behavior changes
Compliance
Probably acting in accordance with social pressure while privately disagreeing
Obedience
Producing a change of behavior by direct authority
Stanley Milgram
Elaboration Likelihood Model
Model of our attitudes are formed and changed
Central Route to Persuasion
Using arguments to persuade
Target must be cognitively capable of understanding and following argument
Peripheral Route to Persuasion
Uses "superficial" cues to persuade
EX: when a celebrity supports an ad
Foot-in-the-door technique
Tendency for people to agree to small request then later comply with larger request
Cowball procedure
Start with initial atrractive offer to get compliance then make term less favorable
EX: car salesman, plumber
Door-in-the-Face Technique
Make large request, knowing it will be turned down then ask smaller request
The one you want
That-is-not-all technique
To offer additional benefits
EX: Infomercials
Self Perception
Want to see self as a helpful person
Norm of reciprocity
See a need to repay the favor
Cognitive dissenter
attitude and behavior must match
Informational Social Influence
they know something you don't know
Normative Social Influence
Want to fit in, don't want to stick out
It's not about the info, you just want to fit in
EX: Smoke in the room
Solomon and Ash
a person conforms to a group even they know they're wrong
Stanley Milgram
Obedience
Shock Experiment (15-450 volts) 2/3 participants obeyed and gave full 450 volt shock
Social Facilitation
Stronger responses on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others
EX: work out harder when someone else is next to you
Social Loafing
Tendency in a group to exert less effort when combining their efforts instead of being held individual to accomplish
EX: pull harder on tug of war individually rather than on a team
Deindividuation
The loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity
Stereotype
Generalizations of a group
Cognitive component (thinking)
Prejudice
Attitude about an individual based on group membership
Affective component
Discrimination
Differential treatment toward an individual based on group membership
Behavioral component
Bystander Effect
The more people available to help, less likely each individual in the group is likely to help
EX: if no one else helps, you feel you don't need to either
5 Steps of Helping
Latane and Darley
1. Notice the Event
2. Interpret the event as an emergency
3. Take responsibility for helping
4. Have the ability to help
5. Decide to provide help
Axis 1
Clinical Disorder
Axis 2
Personality/Mental Retardation
Axis 3
General Medical Condition
Axis 4
Environment issues/problems
Axis 5
General Assessment of Functioning
Who proposed the Personality Theory
Karl Marx
2 Debates in Trait Psychology
Stability vs. Chang
Person vs. Situation
What is the Personality Structure
Id, Superego, Ego
Unconditional Positive Regard
Complete acceptance in all aspects of an individual
Types of Anxiety Disorders
Panic Disorder
Phobia
OCD
Types of Dissociative Disorders
Dissociative Fugue
Dissociative Identity Disorder
Depersonalization Disorder
Types of Somatoform Disorder
Hypochondriasis
Conversion Disorder
Body Dysmorphic Disorder
About this deck
By: Jake Pritchard
Created: 2010-12-08
Size: 95 flashcards
Views: 69
Created: 2010-12-08
Size: 95 flashcards
Views: 69
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have been getting MUCH better grades on all my tests for school. Flash cards, notes, and quizzes are great on here. Thanks!”
Kathy
Kathy