Final: Life in the Oceans Lecture 26
Atmospheric And Oceanic Sciences 105 with Kelly at University of Wisconsin - Madison
About this deck
By: Joanna Klass
Textbook:
Essentials of Oceanography
Created: 2009-12-14
Size: 40 flashcards
Views: 24
Textbook:
Essentials of OceanographyCreated: 2009-12-14
Size: 40 flashcards
Views: 24
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holoplankton
organisms that spend their whole lives as plankton
meroplankton
juveniles of other organisms that begin as small plankton
what does the meroplankton stage help organisms with?
geographic dispersal
where are krill most productive?
waters off of antarctica
when do krill spawn?
late spring
how large can these spawn concentrations be?
densely gathered for over 100 km2
keystone species
species that is key to supporting the food web
what are two reasons for krill population declines?
overharvesting
climate change
what is the most abundant animal on earth?
copepods, tiny crustaceans that are aquatic
what is a foraminifera's 'test' (shell) made of?
calcium carbonate
are radiolarians calcareous or siliceous
siliceous
pteropods
a form of snail without a shell
gelatinous zooplankton
what are the tiny shells of pteropods made of?
aragonite (a form of calcium carbonate)
Salp
gelatinous zooplankton
primary consumers of marine phytoplankton
colonial or individual
Can salps feed and swim at different times?
no, always simultaneous; filter while swimming
what does a seasonal change in the thermocline affect?
local productivity
do the tropics experience a thermocline/seasonal variability in temperature?
No
3 forms of symbiosis
Mutualism
commensalism
parasitism
facultative commensalism
host experiences nothing; parasite benefits
examples of facultative commensalism
ramora with shark
Parasitic symbiosis (parasitism)
often obligatory for parasite
harmful/kills host
how do ramoras attach to their hosts?
'velcro' patch on top of head that is not harmful to host
Mutualsim (facultative)
both are benefited
examples of facultative mutualism
clown fish 'nemo' with poison anemone
smaller fish picking parasites off of larger fish at 'feeding stations'
examples of obligatory mutualism (one can't live without the other)
foraminifera and dependence on photosynthetic dinoflagellate (zooxanthellae) symbionts
what do scientists often refer to coral reefs as due to their community structure?
one big symbiotic 'super-organism
do polyps live as solitary individuals or in colonies?
either one
where are polyps housed?
in rigid calcium carbonate exoskeletons called corallites
what lives in coral polyps?
dinoflagellate symbionts
what type of corals MUST have zooxanthellae to survive?
hermatypic corals
how do zooxanthellae help the corals?
removes CO2 and aids in calcification
what makes up the most biomass in marine primary production?
zooxanthellae in corals
what makes up the least biomass?
phytoplankton
where do coral reefs occur?
isothermal regions (tropics) where conditions are typically stable
why are reefs not found by large river system mouths? (2)
1) too many nutrients cloud the water, not allowing for photosynthesis
2) salinities vary
what is optimal climate for zooxanthellae?
clear, warm, sunlit waters
where does the cue for corals to spawn come from?
season, water temperature, moon
when does coral spawning occur?
at night just after a full moon
why do corals spawn altogether at night? (2)
1) to avoid majority of planktivores
2) to overwhelm predators with the sheer amount
what's the benefit of this planktonic mode of reproduction?
geographic dispersal/colonization of new areas
About this deck
By: Joanna Klass
Textbook: Essentials of Oceanography
Created: 2009-12-14
Size: 40 flashcards
Views: 24
Textbook:
Essentials of OceanographyCreated: 2009-12-14
Size: 40 flashcards
Views: 24
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have been getting MUCH better grades on all my tests for school. Flash cards, notes, and quizzes are great on here. Thanks!”
Kathy
Kathy