Final Material.docx

50 word paragraph describing yourself as a child [imperfect whole time] Choose between: Passato Prossimo: Formed with a present tense of AVERE [have] or ESSERE [to be] and the past participle of the main verb Used when: We are expressing a completed action in the past An action which happened once or a certain number of times Talking about events which occur in sequence, one after another Irregular Past Participles? Imperfect:[used to, was] Used when: Talking about habitual past actions Describing features of people or objects in the past Past situations Expresses a past situation if indeterminate duration Irregular Imperfect: the 3 endings (-are, -ire, -ere) are conjugated the same: Comparison of EQUALITY Cosi?come?as?as (adj, adv) Don?t change ending to agree with gender and number i.e. Maura e COSI intelligente COME Carlo Tanto?quanto?as/as much?as (adj, adv, noun) Have to use when comparing two nouns Must agree with gender and number of the noun it appears in front of Examples: Ho TANTE matite QUANTI quadermi Gli studentti sono TANTO bravi QUANTO le studentesse Quantity Adjectives Molto: much, a lot of; many As an adjective, change the ending to agree with gender and number of the noun being described As an adverb [modifies an adjective or verb], keep the ending as is Examples: Gli student sono molto carini [being used as an adjective to describe how nice the students are, therefore ending stays as is] Troppo: too much; too many As an adjective, change the ending to agree with gender and number of the noun being described As an adverb [modifies an adjective or verb], keep the ending as is Examples: Gli student hannno troppi compiti [being used as an adjective to describe how much homework the students have, therefore, ending changes] Indirect Object Pronoun: occurs between verb and object (we see to [a] or for [per] and know). Can only be used to replace people and pets Parlo a Maria? LE parlo. Telefono a Carlo? GLI telefono. Parlo a Franca e Maria? GLI parlo. Direct Object Pronoun: replaces the object or the person we are referring to Appear BEFORE the conjugated verb The pronouns lo, la, li, le agree with the gender and the number of the noun they are replacing Examples: Quando vedi Mario? Lo incontro domain Quando vedi I colleghi? Li incontro domani Quando vedi Maria? La inontro domani Quando vedi le colleghe? Le incontro domani Before a vowel or the letter ?h, singular pronouns take the apostrophe (plural pronouns li and le NEVER take the apostrophe) Examples: Lo aiuto?L?aiuto Hai letto il giornale??No, non l?ho letto La ho?L?ho Ascolti muscia classica??Si, l?ascolto spesso NE: replaces a noun which functions as a direct object and also contains a reference to quantity [p. 194] Cannot change ending depending on what it replaces. Doesn?t matter gender and number Comes BEFORE the verb Replaces Nouns (partititive): Di + Definite Article + Noun Volgio del salame? NE voglio un etto Number + Noun (the number NEEDS to appear in the answer) Hai due fratelli? NE ho due Quantity + Noun (number or the quantity can appear in answer) Hai molte scarpe? Si, NE ho molte. Quante sorelle hai? NE ho due. Two Verbs: NE goes at the end of the second verb in its infinitive Desideri mangiare della frutta? Desideri mangiarNE Past Participle: the past participle needs to agree with gender and number in the answer Hai comprato delle bistecche? Si, NE ho comprate. Aprire Ho aperto Fare Ho fatto Rompere Ho rotto Bere Ho bevuto Leggere Ho letto Scegliere Ho scelto Chiedere Ho chiesto Mettere Ho messo Scendere Sono sceso/-a Chiudere Ho chiuso Morire E morto/-a Scrivere Ho scritto Correre Ho corso Nascere E nato/-a Spendere Ho speso Decidere Ho deciso Perdere Ho perso Vedere Ho visto Dire Ho ditto Prendere Ho preso Venire Sono venuto/-a Discutere Ho discusso Rimanere Sono rimasto/-a Vincere Ho vinto Essere Sono sato/-a Rispondere Sono stato/-a Vivere Ho vissuto Essere- to be Bere- to drink Dire- to say/tell Fare-to do/make Ero Bevevo Dicevo facevo Eri Bevevi Dicevi Facevi Era Beveva Diceva Faceva Eravamo Bevevamo Dicevamo Facevamo Eravate Bevevate Dicevate Facevate Erano Bevevano Dicevano facevano lavoraRE LeggeRE ApriRE lavoraVO LeggerVO apriVO -vi -vi -vi -va -va -va -vamo -vamo -vamo -vate -vate -vate -vano -vano -vano Mi To me Ti To you GLI To/for him LE To/for her Ci For ourselves Vi For you all, us GLI For them (no gender differences) Singular Plural 1st person Mi 1st Person Ci 2nd Person Ti 2nd person Vi 3rd person mas. Lo 3rd person mas Li 3rd person fem La 3rd person fem Le 3rd person formal la