Final - MB (pt2)
Microbiology 509 with Pradhan at Ohio State University - All Campuses
About this deck
By: Jennifer Wang
Textbook:
Microbiology: A Human Perspective w/ARIS bind in card
Created: 2011-12-04
Size: 47 flashcards
Views: 24
Textbook:
Microbiology: A Human Perspective w/ARIS bind in cardCreated: 2011-12-04
Size: 47 flashcards
Views: 24
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Func of ATB
- Neutralization
- Immobilization + prevention of adherence
- Agllutination + precipitation
- Opsonization
- Complement activation
Types of vaccines
- Heat-killed/inactivated vaccines
- Flu shot + hep A
- Attenuated vaccines: pathogen is alive
- Flu mist + MMR
- response is best here
- Toxoid vaccines: protects against pathogenic toxins
- Tetanus shot
- Subunit vaccines: parts of pathogens
- Hep B
Cell mediated immunity
2nd branch of adaptive immunity
- Not transferable through placenta
Interleukins
Used by cytokines. produced by leukocytes
T lymphocytes
- Formed in bone marrow
- Mature in thymus
- Shrinks over time
- Has to be w/ co receptor (CD4/CD8)
- Th carries CD4
- Tc carries CD8
- TCR + CD4 only recognizes ag + MHC 1
- TCR + CD8 only recognizes ag + MHC 2
Cytokines enhance prod of ____
ATB
natural killer cells
- perform similarly to CTL
- No memory
- Func: removal of offending cells by lysis using PERFORIN
- Able to kill in absc of stimulation by specific Ag
Similarities btw CTL + NK
- - Both have same target
- - Recognition is different:
- - CTL: use co recptors
- - NK: do not recognize antigen. instead recognize through lack of certain molecules
- How they kill target: both secrete perforin
Parenteral route
When skin is broken
#s of invading microbes
- ID50 - infectious dose for 50% of test population
- LD50 - lethal dose of toxin for 50% of test population
Exotoxin
- Source: mostly G+
- Relation to microbe: by products of growing cell
- Chem: protein
- Fever: no
- Neutralized by antitoxin: yes
- LD50: small
Endotoxin
- Source: G-
- Relation to microbe: outer membrane
- Chem: lipid A
- Fever: YES
- Neutralized by antitoxin: no
- LD50: relatively large
Epidemiology
Study cause of dz + distribution of dz in population
Symbiosis
- Def: relationship btw norml microbiota + host
- Mutualism: both benefit
- Commensalism: one benefits, other has no effect
- Parasitism: one benefits, one is negatively effected
Norm microbiota and host
- Transient microbiota: not permanent
- Norm microbiota: permanently colonize host
Probiotics
Live microbes applied to or ingested into body, intedned to exert a beneficial effect. Like yogurt has lactobacillus
Composition of norm flora changes d/t
- Hormonal changes
- Type of food consumed
- ATB treatment
Infx
Entry and colonization have occurred by pathogenic microbes
Dz
entered, colonized, and have invaded immune system -> damage to host tissue.
- dz = departure from healthy status
Symptoms
- Felt by pt
- Can't be measured
Signs
Felt by pt and can be either seen or mzed by observer
Syndrom
Combo of symptoms and signs
Communicable dz
Can be spread from 1 person to another. contagious dzs
Endemic
Always present in population but in small #s
Epidemic
dramatic inc in the # of ppl affected, in short time, in particular geographic region
Pandemic
Spread worldwide/globe
Acute dz
Develop rapidly and resolve rapidly
Chronic dz
Develops slowly, over long duration of time. does not get resolved rapidly
Subacute dz
Symptoms btw acute + chronic
Latent dz
W/ a period of no symptoms.
- Don't see sx
- Occurs over long period of time
Local infx
Pathogens limited to small area of body
Systemic infx
throughout body. is severe
Focal infx
Systemic infx that began as local infx
Bacteriemia
Bacteria in blood
Septicemia
Growth of bacteria in blood. can lead to sepsis (toxic inflammatory response throughout body of host. can lead to dec BP). sepsis can -> death of pt through sepsis shock (when BP drops)
Toxemia
Toxins in blood
Viremia
Viruses in blood
Subclinical dz
No noticeable signs or symptoms. somewhere btw having dz and not having dz
Convalescence
When microbes get taken care of and body returns to normal
Zoonotic dz
Where infectious agent reside in animal and from animal can spread to human
Environmental reservoirs
- Soil + water main reservoirs
- Air is NOT environmental reservoirs
Transmission
- Through air is most difficult to control/prevent
Droplet transmission
Is contact b/c the droplets don't travel long distances (2-3 feet)
Vectors
- Def: living insects that spread infectious agent
- Mechanical transmission: where vector carries pathogen on feet/on body. like fly
- Biological transmission: pathogen enters insect and reproduces vector. injected into host from vector
Hospitals are
Reservoirs of infectous agents
UTIs
are most common nosocomial infx
Nosocomial infections
Affect 5-15% of all hospital pts
About this deck
By: Jennifer Wang
Textbook: Microbiology: A Human Perspective w/ARIS bind in card
Created: 2011-12-04
Size: 47 flashcards
Views: 24
Textbook:
Microbiology: A Human Perspective w/ARIS bind in cardCreated: 2011-12-04
Size: 47 flashcards
Views: 24
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have used this website for three exams, and I see a huge difference in my test results.”
Naj
Naj