FINAL PSY
AP Psychology with Mrs.hodgson at Christian Academy of Louisville
About this deck
By: Zachary Dannelly
Created: 2011-12-12
Size: 149 flashcards
Views: 60
Created: 2011-12-12
Size: 149 flashcards
Views: 60
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The study of mental processes is
Psychology
1st psychology lab created by
Wilhelm Wundt in Germany
Who developed functionalism
William James
Fist female president of the APA was
Mary Calkins a student of William James
What is looking inwards to describe personal psychological experiences
Introspection
Perspective most likely to apply in situation: impact of stokes on behavior-
Neuroscience
Perspective most likely to apply in situation: unconscious conflicts-
Psychodynamic
Perspective most likely to apply in situation: contributions of nature and nurture considered-
Behavior Genetics
Perspective most likely to apply in situation: The way people recieve, process, and encode information-
Cognitive
Specification of how a researcher measures and experimental variable
Operational Definition
Tendency to over estimate the degree to which other agree with out own view point
False-Consensous effect
Helps insure members of test group are representative of a greater whole (Picking people from al High Schools in town)
Random Sampling
Further insures group representation of a whole by picking random test subjects from the Random Sample(Selecting kids from the high schools by random lunch numbers)
Random selection
Even greater insurance that group is representative of greater whole by randomly assigning randomly selected members of the random sample to be part of the control or experimental group
Random Assignment
Research that is best used for predictions
Correlation
Best illustrates the power of positive expectations
Placebo effect
Mean, Median, Mode, and Range of numbers: 2,2,3,5
Mean = 3
Median = 2.5
Mode = 2
Range = 3
Are similarities or difference greater among genders
Similarities
Study of lumps on skull that reveal persons character and psychological state
Phrenology
Pathway of neural transmission (3 stops)
Dendrite > Cell Body > Axon (reverse alphabetical order)
Myelin Sheath
Speed up neural transmission.
Deterioration of the Myeline Sheath (MS) can cause Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
Brief electrical charge traveling down axon
Action Potential
Axon take neural signals to
muscles and glands
As far as action potential and electrical signals in the body are concerned
It is an all or none system. Either the synapses fire or they don't.
Little junctions where chemicals are transmitted to other cells
Synapses
Chemical messengers in cells
Neurotransmitters
Loss of ACH (acetylcholine) will cause:
Muscular Paralysis
Opiates occupy the same receptor sights as
Endorphins
Motor neurons part of the
Peripheral Nervous System
Take signals from the spinal cord to the brain
interneurons
Take signals from the central nervous system to muscles
motor neurons
Arouses automatic functions and body systems (like when your name is called)
Sympathetic nervous system
Depresses automatic functions and body systems (like when you are going to bed)
Parasympathetic nervous system
Chemical messengers of the Endocrine system
Hormones
Glands that secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine
Adrenal
Secretes hormones for body growth
Pituitary Gland
Best scan for a large fluid filled layer:
MRI
Scan that uses glucose to see active regions in the brain
PET
Part of brain that automatically arouses you when your name is called
Reticular Formation
Damage to this would automatically put you life in danger
Medulla
Link between endocrine and nervous systems
Hypothalamus
Reward centers of the body
Limbic System
If this were cut out it would result in a loss of vision
Occipital Lobe
Damage to this would cause a loss un ability to play guitar as it controls implicit memories
Cerebellum
Part of cerebral cortex that control muscle movement for speech
Brocas area
Severed originally to relieve seizures
Corpus Collosum
Limits of genetic and environmental effects on behavior is studied in
Behavior Genetics
Thread like structures that contain DNA
Chromosomes
Thing adopted children are most likely to get from their adopted parents
Political Leaning
Thing identical twins share even if raised separately
Temperament
Demitry Belyaer and Lyudmila Trut successfully domesticated foxes by means of what
Selective Breeding
What is a random error in gene replication
Mutation
Perspective most likely to be criticized for using hindsight explanations for human behavior
Evolutionary
Example of a norm
Covering your mouth when you cough
A Chinese student would identify themselves by their___ as their culture focuses on ___:
family;collectivism
An American student would identify themselves through ___ as our culture focuses on ___
academics;individualism
Set of behaviors expected by males and females
Gender roles
Progression of prenatal development for human offspring
zygote > embryo > fetus
anything that harmfully effects a child while in utero
teratogen
Who focused on the stages of cognitive development
Jean Piaget
What law states that mass, volume, and number dont change will form changes
law of conservation
What is the idea that something continues to exist even when out of sight that most babies don't understand:
object permenance
what disease is connected with an impaired theory of mind:
Autism
What are the three parenting theories and their ideals:
authoritarian- harsh punishment, coldness, always saying NO
authoritative- warmer and more democratic, encourages children but doesn't push them
permissive- leave responsibility to the children with no rules or guidlines
Primary sex characteristic:
Reproductive organs
What level of cognitive learning would a child be in if they were learning geometry
Formal Operational (the last one)
Who created the idea of stages of moral reasoning:
Lawrence Kohlberg
Stage of moral reasoning that uses punishments and rewards to decide morality
pre-conventional
What type of cultures would you expect to find post-conventional morality in:
individualistic (individualism)
Elderly are more prone to what:
car accidents
Crystalized intelligence refers to
accumulated knowledge
What kind of processing is taking place as patients increase the own post-operational pain by assuming before the operation that the pain following it would be severe:
Top-Down- mental processes create sensory feeling
Bottom-up- mental processes are driven by sensory input
Subliminal message
awareness just below the absolute threshold
After listening to loud music for 30min you don't notice its volume or it at all:
sensory adaptation
Amplitude of electromagnetic waves effects its what:
brightness
what part of the eye controls the dilation and contraction of the pupil:
Iris
With age people tend to need glasses as what loses its ability to change shape
lenses
Axons of ganglion cells converge to form what:
optic nerve
Young-Helmholtz trichromatic theory states that the retina has what:
three different color receptors that are each sensative to a different color-red,green, and blue- that when combined can form any color
If you look at a red square for a long amount of time and then quickly look at a black sheet of paper what do you see? what is this called:
a green square/an after image
Three bones that deal with hearing
hammer, anvil and stirrup
Area where the bones of hearing are located:
inner ear
rods and cones are to vision as what is to hearing
hair cells
what are the two main types of hearing loss
conduction- problems with mechanical process
sensory neural- problem with neurons
Mcgurk effect
when seeing one sound and hearing another you mind perceive a blend.
sensory interaction takes place
Smell is best described as what kind of sense:
chemical
where are receptor cells for kinesthesis found
muscles, tendons, and joints
what sense enables you to perceive body position as vertical or horizontal
vestibular sense
theory that you mind will block pain when it is focusing on another thing:
gate theory
what is it called when you only notice what you paying attention to
selective attention
You see two of your friends at a bowling ally and then notice two of your other friends close by, you assume they are together becasue of the grouping principle called:
Proximity.
Even if some of the letter lights are out on a movie sign your mind understand the word trying to be spelt because of the grouping principle called:
closure
3D movies simulate the effects of
retinal disparity
If you see many different frames of a cartoon (like in a flip book ) in order what kind of motion is this:
stroboscopic motion
What is it called as the led lights of a sign come on and go off in a circular pattern creating the illusion of movement:
Phi Phenomena
What is it called when even as a door opens and because of the angle it appears to change shape, you mind continues to think of the door in its original shape:
Shape constancy
Even as the appearance of a color changes with different lighting it retains its true color is true under what idea:
Color constancy
Stereotypes are most like what:
a perceptual set
What is it called when we perceive a colon and a left facing peresthesi to be a face:
perceptual; set
You try to go to bed well before your usual bedtime but cannot because of what:
Circadian Rhythm
When you perceive a sensory experience with no sensory input:
hallucination
having trouble or the sensation of trouble with not breathing while you sleep:
sleep apnea
Deep sleep is important to:
Growth
Sleep talking occurs in what stage of sleep
could happen in all of them
What kind of brainwaves are present when your awake and alert:
Alpha
Memories from hypnisis are usually:
A mix or fact and fictional memories
Divided consciousness and social interaction are two theories of what
hypnosis
When some one who is hypnotized is said to only being acting to fulfill a social role, what theory is being applied:
social interaction
When a person who is hypnotized is said to be having an out of body experience what theory is being applied:
split consciousness
What drug is classified as a amphetamine derivative that can cause mild hallucinations:
ecstasy
THC is the main substance at work in what drug:
marijuana
Cocaine is a drug characterized by a what fallowed by a what:
15-30min euphoria, crash
the most important aspect to human learning is
experience
A dog salivating at the sight of a food dish is a:
conditioned response
When is conditioned to salivate at the sight of food and then to salivate at the sound of a bell, what happens over time if the bell alone is used without unconditioned stimuli:
extinction
What is it called when timmy is really afraid of white mice but also becomes afraid of white rabbits:
generalization
What is it called when timmy is afraid of white mice but not of similarly looking white rabbits:
discrimination
If sucking your thumbs relieves you of stress so you continue to do it, what kind of conditioning is taking place:
operant
What is the difference between operant and classical conditioning:
operant- You acting on your environment (your action produce rewards or punishments)
classical- Environment acting of you (the environment encourages or discourages behavior)
What law states that is a subject receives a reinforcement for an action that behavior is strengthened and more likely to be repeated:
law of effect
What would remove a negative stimuli to encourage behavior:
negative reinforcement
What would discourage behavior by removing a positive stimuli:
negative punishment
What would encourage behavior by adding a positive stimuli:
positive reinforcement
what would discourage behavior by adding a negative stimuli:
positive punishment
After rats have run through a maze couple of times. They can get through it fairly quickly for the food reward at the end as they have a mental Birds eye view of it. What kind of learning is this and what is the mental image of the maze called?
Latent learning and cognitive map
Albert Bandura is most known for his research on what kind of learning?
this was demonstrated by Bobo the doll and demonstrated what principle of learning?
Observational learning and modeling
What type of memory is consciously activated and has a relatively small amount of space?
Short-term or working memory
Where are flashbulb memories stored:
Long term memory
if you study right before you go to bed and then do not remember the material it is most likely what kind of failure:
encoding
You will retain more knowledge if you study in 15min increments over two weeks then cramming demonstrates what effect:
Spacing
The self-referance effect shows the benefit of what type of encoding
Semantic
What is semantic encoding and what effect demonstrates its usefulness:
It is giving things you are trying to remember personal significancy or meaning and is demonstrated by the self-referance effect.
A method of memory when you memorize things in certain places is called
method of loci
What type of organizational learning is used when you outline info like in a text book:
hierarchy
After a flash of lighting you still see the outline of the bolt because of:
iconic memory
Even if not paying attention in class (craig) you can still spit out what the teacher had just said because of:
echoic memory
When synapses fire continually and are strengthened, what is taking place:
long term potentiation
Implicit memory is stored where?What does it consist mainly of?
Cerebellum;how to do things
Explicit memory is store where?what does it consist mainly of?
HIPPOCAMPUS; memories and experiences
Priming is triggered by what?
memory cues
Failure to remember a good friends name would be what kind of failure:
retrieval
Forgetting a new number because of a old one would be what kind of interference:
proactive
Forgetting an old number because of a new one would be what kind of interference:
retroactive
After a divorce the oldly weds remember the happy wedding as chaotic because of:
memory construction
Compared to adults children are more susceptible to :
missinformation effect
Speed reading inhibits what and is therefore not useful for long term effect
rehearsal
If asked to explain what you observed after seeing a car accident, what kind of memory testing would be in use:
recall
what kind of memory is being used when you remember back to a birthday gift you brother gave you when you were 10.
Permistore Memory- like long term memory but not used very often expect in unique cases
About this deck
By: Zachary Dannelly
Created: 2011-12-12
Size: 149 flashcards
Views: 60
Created: 2011-12-12
Size: 149 flashcards
Views: 60
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have used this website for three exams, and I see a huge difference in my test results.”
Naj
Naj