Final Review Part 2

·      Anaerobic! Grows in deep warm dark places without oxygen

·      Puncture wounds- grows in deep wounds

·      tetanospasmin

·      Clostridium have endospores [and so does bacillus (anthrax and anaerobic)]

·      Hard to kill

·      Lock jaw

spastic paralysis

·      Neurotoxin

·      Botulinal toxin blocks release of neurotransmitter, causing Flaccid paralysis (limp)

·      Has the greatest toxicity – the lowest LD50; worst food poisining

·      Caused by clostridium botulinum

canned goods

·      food poisoning, found in honey (neurotoxin)

·      Botulism = Don’t give honey to infants – big kids have well established gut florae

·      Also called Hansen’s disease

·      Caused by mycobacterium lepra

·      Grows in peripheral nerves and skin cells

·      Chief virulence factor: Acid-fast, waxy wall, mycolic acid

·      Armadillo’s have lepra endemically

Carville, LA 

·      Causes paralysis

·      Can cause paralysis of the diaphragm; and then you’d need an iron lung

·      Waterborn, associated with poor sanitation

·      Destruction of motor cells and paralysis occurs in <1% of cases

·      Vaccination: sabine (attenuated, oral) and salk (killed, dead vaccine)

·      Infection is naturally orally transmitted- better option

·      Related to mucosal antibody called IgA

·      IgG would be produced from salk vaccine (if you were shot in the butt.. this is what would happen)

·      Louis Pasteur; Tried his vaccine on Joseph misner

·      Furious rabies: animals are resless then highly excitable

·      Paralytic rabies: animals seem unaware of surroundings

·      Transmitted by animal bites

·      Bats, dogs, raccoons, dogs

·      50,000 people die a year from rabies

·      > 1,000,000 people receive post-exposure prophylactic care

·      prevention: immunization of domestic animals

·      post infection vaccination + antisera (like tetanus) 

·      Mycolic waxy coat

prokaryote with a nucleus

o  Slow growth

·      Tuberculosis

·      Leprosy

·    African Trypanosoma brucei gambiense

o  Chronic (2-4 years)

·      Transmitted from animals to humans: the tsetse fly

·      Prevention

o  Elimination of the vector

American: kissing bug; chagas disease

protozoan

·      Protozoan infects nasal mucosa from swimming water

·      Just about 100% mortality

·      Causes encephalitis/ black mess out of your brain

·      Brain eating

·      The amoeba gets to the brain by following the nerves in the nose directly to the brain