Final Review Part 6 Lecture 22-26
Psychology 215 with Willingham at University of Virginia
About this deck
By: Michael Midkiff
Textbook:
Cognition: Exploring the Science of the Mind, Third Edition
Created: 2010-12-17
Size: 35 flashcards
Views: 27
Textbook:
Cognition: Exploring the Science of the Mind, Third EditionCreated: 2010-12-17
Size: 35 flashcards
Views: 27
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Behaviorist Approach Problem Solving
Thorndike's puzzle box
problem solving matter of chance
Gestalt View Problem Solving
relationship among parts is what we see
chimps stacking boxes
Information Processing View
DOMINANT
particular configuration of problem=state
operator moves you from 1 state to another
operators move you through problem states
Algorithm
fixed series of steps that you apply
cookbook
USE FOR ILL DEFINED PROBLEM
Ill defined/Well Defined Problem
Ill=initial state, goal state not understood (writing a paper)
Well defined=initial state, goal state understood
Text twist
Brute Force Search
go through every letter till it fits in crossword
COMBINATORIAL EXPLOSIONS
Hill Climbing
look ahead and select operator that you judge will bring you closer to your goal
Working Backwards
imagine being at goal, and figure out way to get to start
Means ends analysis
setting of subgoals
move forward and backward
General Problem Solver
computer program designed to solve programs with means ends
argued to solve problems the way people did
Functional fixedness
eraser dog bone
Definition of Intelligence
1. Capacity to learn from experience
2. Adapt to surrounding environment
3. includes metacognitive processes to govern cognition
4. Varies by culture
Psychophysical measure of intelligence
Galton
sensory acuity, physical strength, motor skills
Judgmental Ability Intelligence
Binet
wanted to classify kids, to predict performance
Standard Tests Intelligence
Weschler Adult intelligence scale
Factor Analysis
Many different kinds of tests
separate aspects of intelligence
use statistics to find correlations
GENERAL factor analysis-GENERAL intellectual ability
MULTIPLE factor analysis-MANY kinds of abilities or faculties
Spearman
Wanted GENERAL factor analysis
Louis Thurstone
7 factors of factor analysis
Fluid intelligence vs crystallized
fluid=culture free, non verbal
crystallized= dependent on exposure to culture
Caroll's Hierarchical model
had 3 Stratums
Choice reaction time
strong correlation between intelligence and RT
IF YOU'RE SLOW YOU'RE SLOW
Lexical Access
strong correlation between difference score of 2 tasks and intelligence
Gardner's Multiple Intelligences
Linguistic
Logical Math
Spatial intelligence
etc.
NO ONE TAKES THIS SERIOUSLY
Object Permanence
whether or not an organism appears to understand that object still exists if it is out of sight
MOST animals have this
Tool use levels
1. using body parts
2. using object in environment
3. using 2 objects or changing an object
chimps could tell difference between cane stick
Impressive Causality
Premack's monkey with apple and knife pictures
Many animals seem to understand causality
Understanding Number
many animals appreciate numbers
Pigeon solves pecking problem of keys
Alex the parrot can count
Expectancy Violation
baby looks at something longer if it finds it surprising
Space
Many animals good at using spatial abilities
ants use dead reckoning with the sun
pigeons use olfactory cues for long distance
Understanding self
Chimps can look at mirror with red dot and realize its them, along with orangutans and bonobos
MIRROR STUDY VARIES WIDELY
Theory of mind
understanding other's thoughts, intentions etc.
animals can use deception...but they probably don't realize it
HUMANS ONLY
Humans are not very good at thinking and tend to avoid it
not good at thinking compared to other things our mind does
good at seeing and moving
Thinking is slow, effortful and unreliable, Buddhist mink problem
People are naturally curious but curiosity is fragile, only think when we thing we will be successful
Problem solving mostly brings pleasure
Use discrepant info to surprise people
Change mode of presentation (film, computer)
Make content PERSONAL AND UNIVERSAL
Motivating Students
Use Differentiated Instruction
Don Norman
Put required knowledge int he world
simplify
make things visible
use controls that can only be manipulated one way
Use good mappings
Design for Fuck ups
Standardize like Apple does
About this deck
By: Michael Midkiff
Textbook: Cognition: Exploring the Science of the Mind, Third Edition
Created: 2010-12-17
Size: 35 flashcards
Views: 27
Textbook:
Cognition: Exploring the Science of the Mind, Third EditionCreated: 2010-12-17
Size: 35 flashcards
Views: 27
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have been getting MUCH better grades on all my tests for school. Flash cards, notes, and quizzes are great on here. Thanks!”
Kathy
Kathy