Final Test
Microbiology 200 with Enos at University of Kansas
About this deck
By: Jonathan Todd
Created: 2012-05-07
Size: 50 flashcards
Views: 4
Created: 2012-05-07
Size: 50 flashcards
Views: 4
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Parasite
organism lives within a host and causes some degree of harm
Pathogen
any agent that causes disease
Opportunistic Pathogen
organism that does not normally cause disease, but can in some individuals
obligate parasite
survives and grows only within a host
Golgi Apparatus
Receives vesicles made in the ER. Modifies and transports.
Nucleus
Holds DNA in the form of chromatin
Ionic bonds
formed between two oppositely charged ions
Electronegativity
measure of an atom's affinity for electrons
saturated lipids
no double bonds between carbons
unsaturated lipids
one or more double bonds
Protein
polymer made of amino acids
Nucleic Acids
consists of nucleotides; phosphate, pentose sugar, nitrogen containing base
purines
adenine, guanine
pyrimidines
cytosine, thymine, uracil
cell theory
all living things are made of cells, all cells come from other cells, cells are the basic unit of life
three domains of life
bacteria, archaea, eucarya
prokaryotes
bacteria and archaea, do not have nucleus, circular chromosome
eukaryotes
have nucleus, are larger, have organelles
gram positive
thick cell wall, thin periplasm, no outer membrane, teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid
gram negative
thin cell wall, thick periplasm, outer membrane, lipoprotein and lipopolysaccharide
endosymbiont theory
mitochondria and chloroplasts were engulfed by another cell
autotrophs
make food from their enviroment
heterotrophs
get their food from other organisms
cancer
misregulation of the cell cycle, alters the function of cell cycle genes, usually requires multiple mutations
causes of mutations
radiation, chemicals, reactive oxygen species, DNA replication errors
mutagen
a chemical that causes an increase in the mutation rate
carcinogen
a chemical that can cause cancer
ames test
uses bacteria to determine if a chemical compound is a mutagen
passive transport
diffusion can occur across membranes. The cell does not expend energy.
osmosis
passive diffusion of water molecules
endocytosis
transport of molecules into the cell
phagocytosis
wraps extensions of the membrane out around a food particle
pinocytosis
takes fluid into vesicles
lytic cycle
viruses replicate inside a cell and cause it to lyse
lysogenic cycle
the viruses integrate their dna into the host genome
glycolysis
cytoplasm, produce 2 atp(cost 2, made 4)
citric acid cycle
matrix of mitochondria produce 2 atp
electron transport chain
membrane of mitochondria, 34 ATP
non-plasmid transformation
bacteria can take up linear pieces of DNA and integrate them into their genome
competence
ability of bacteria to take up free DNA from the enviroment
plasmids
small pieces of circular DNA
conjugation
direct transfer of DNA between bacteria, performed with a pilus
transposons
small pieces of DNA that can insert themselves into a chromosome
Restrictions endonucleases
enzymes that can clip strands of DNA crosswise at selected positions, recognize and clip at palindromes
gel electrophoresis
produces a readable pattern of DNA fragments
disinfectants
used to sterilize formites (non-living objects that can transmit pathogens)
antiseptics
sterilizes living tissues
antibiotics
bacteria-specific. Delivered to tissues, either inside or outside of the body.
types of antibiotics
cell wall inhibitors, cell membrane inhibitors, DNA sythesis inhibitors, RNA synthesis inhibitors, protein synthesis inhibitors
mechanisms of antibiotic resistance
restriction of access to target, enzymatic inactivation, target modification, failure to activate the antibiotic, alternate pathways
About this deck
By: Jonathan Todd
Created: 2012-05-07
Size: 50 flashcards
Views: 4
Created: 2012-05-07
Size: 50 flashcards
Views: 4
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis
Dennis