- StudyBlue
- FINAL
FINAL
About this deck
By: Robin Hoke
Created: 2012-05-09
Size: 117 flashcards
Views: 47
Created: 2012-05-09
Size: 117 flashcards
Views: 47
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have used this website for three exams, and I see a huge difference in my test results.”
Naj
Naj
Sign up (free) to study this.
T/F.. spinal cord conducts signals up & down the body passing through gray and white matter respectively
false
T/F.. cervical & lumbar enlargements are wide points in the cord making the emergence of motor nerves
false
T/F.. each portion of the spinal cord served by a spinal nerve is called a segment of the cord
true
T/F.. nerve fibers in a given tract in the white matter are similar in origin, destination, & function
true
T/F.. motor signals typically begin in an upper motor neuron in the thalamus
false
T/F.. most nerves are motor nerves
false
T/F.. a nerve fiber is enclosed in its own fibrous sleeve called perineurium
false
T/F.. a ganglion is a swelling along a nerve containing cell bodies of peripheral neurons
true
T/F.. a dermatome is a nerve innervating a specific region in the skin
false
T/F.. posterior root ganglia contain somas of unipolar neurons
true
T/F.. somatic reflexes are responses of skeletal, smooth, & cardiac muscles
false
T/F.. the stretch reflex is a tendency of a muscle to stretch when it is overcontracted
false
T/F.. a stretch reflex is often accompanied by reciprocal inhibition
true
T/F.. the tendon reflex is the inhibition of a muscle contraction that occurs when its tendon is excessively stretched
true
T/F.. the cross extension reflex is the contraction of the extensors on one side of the body when the flexors are contracted on the other side
true
the upper motor neurons that control skeletal muscles begin with a soma in ...
the precentral gyrus of the cerebrum
the signals that control your handwriting travel down the spinal cord in ...
the corticospinal tract
many upper motor neurons synapse with lower motor neurons in ...
the anterior horns
which of the following sensory functions involves neurons in the posterior root ganglia?
hearing
the spinal cord is divided into all of the following regions EXCEPT
pelvic
the following are all functions associated with the spinal cord EXCEPT
to protect neurons in both the ascending & descending tract
which of the following fractures would be the least likely to cause a spinal cord injury?
a fracture of vertebra L4
this figure shows a detail of the spinal cord, meninges, and spinal nerves. what does "1" represent?
posterior root of spinal nerve
this figure shows a detail of the spinal cord, meninges, & spinal nerves. what does "4" represent?
arachnoid matter
epidural anesthesia is introduced in the epidural space between ... to block the pain signals during pregnancy
dural sheath & vertebral bones
this figure shows a cross section of the spinal cord. what does "3" represent?
anterior horn
cerebrospinal fluid fills in the space between
arachnoid mater & pia mater
which of the following structures is the richest in lipid content?`
white matter
gray matter contains ...
neurosomas, dendrites, & proximal parts of axons of neurons
... carry motor commands from the brain along the spinal cord
descending tracts
second-order neurons synapse with third-order neurons in the ...
thalamus
... keeps nerve fibers insulated from one another
endoneurium
... fibers innervate eyes and ears
special sense
a ganglion is a ...
cluster of neurosomas in the PNS
there are ... pairs of spinal nerves
31
the figure shows the anatomy of a nerve. what does "3" represent?
perineurium
this figure shows the posterior aspect of spinal nerve roots & plexuses. what does "3" represent?
brachial plexus
this figure shows the posterior aspect of spinal nerve roots & plexuses. what does "2" represent?
the cervical enlargement
the ventral rami of the spinal nerves form nerve plexuses in all regions EXCEPT
the thoracic region
the cervical plexus gives origin to the ...
phrenic
which of the following nerves originates in the coccygeal plexus?
sciatic
this figure shows a dermatome map. a patient with no sensation in the left thumb would probably have a nerve damaged in ..
C6
which of these is an ascending tract of the spinal cord?
the gracile fasciculus
a mixed nerve consists of both
afferent & efferent fibers
which of the following branches of a spinal nerve have somas of solely sensory neurons?
posterior (dorsal) root
the bundle of nerve roots that occupy the vertebral canal from L2 to S5 is called the ...
cauda equina
somatosensory refers to these sensory signals EXCEPT the sensory signals from ..
the viscera
neurosomas of the posterior root are located in the .... , whereas neurosomas of the anterior root are located in the ....
- posterior root ganglion
- gray matter
... is a cordlike organ composed of numerous ...
- nerve
- axons
which one of the following best describes the order of a somatic reflex?
- somatic receptor
- afferent nerve fiber
- interneuron
- efferent nerve fiber
- skeletal muscle
which of the following groups of muscles have the most muscle spindles?
muscles of the hand
these are all properties of reflexes EXCEPT ...
reflexes are spontaneous actions of the nervous system
a muscle spindle contains mostly ...
muscle fibers
a nurse pricks your finger to type your blood. you flinch at the pain, pulling your hand back. this is called the ...
flexor (withdrawal) reflex
the quickest reflex arcs involve only 2 neurons, thus forming ... reflex arcs
monosynaptic
the flexor (withdrawal) reflex employs a ... which maintains a sustained contraction
parallel after-discharge circuit
if a bee sting on the right thigh causes a quick involuntary reaction of the right arm, this would be an example of ...
an intersegmental reflex
the sensitivity of the muscle spindle is maintained by ...
gamma motor neurons
the fibers that carry action potentials to cause skeletal muscle to contract are ...
alpha motor neurons
you go to the movies after a long day and you begin to nod off as soon as the movie starts. your head starts to lower a bit but this reflex causes your head to rise. this is called the ...
stretch (myotatic) reflex
in the patellar tendon reflex arc, the patellar ligament is stretched, which stretches the quadriceps femoris muscle of the thigh. this reflex will cause the quadriceps femoris to ...
contract & the antagonistic muscles, the hamstring muscles, to relax
a reflex where the sensory input & motor output are on opposite sides of the spinal cord is called ....
contralateral
the tendon reflex ...
prevents overcontraction of a muscle
the reflex shows the least synaptic delay ...
tendon reflex
tendon organs are ...
proprioceptors
T/F.. both cerebrum & cerebellum have gray matter in their surface cortex & deeper nuclei, & white matter deep to the cortex
true
T/F.. the cerebellum exhibits folds called gyri separated by grooves called sulci
true
T/F.. epidural space is filled with cerebrospinal fluid
false
T/F.. to blood-brain barrier helps preventing hemorrhages in the nervous tissue lining the ventricles
false
T/F.. the blood-CSF barrier is composed of dense regular connective tissue lining the ventricles
false
T/F.. purkinje cells are unusually large neurons found in the cerebellum
true
T/F.. the cerebellum is the largest part of the brain
false
T/F.. the medulla oblongata is the most rostral part of the brain
false
T/F.. the forebrain consists of the cerebrum & the diencephalon
false
T/F.. structures in the midbrain control homeostasis & relay sensory signals to specific regions of the cerebral cortex
false
T/F.. the amygdala, hippocampus, & hypothalamus are involved in such feelings as love, anger, fear, pleasure, and pain
true
T/F.. the wernicke area recognizes spoken & written language
true
T/F.. the vision association area resides in the temporal lobe
false
T/F.. all cranial nerves lead to structures in the head and neck
false
T/F.. there are 3 cranial nerves involved in eye movement and 2 in the sense of taste
true
the following are all major components of the brainstem EXCEPT
the cerebellum
the right & left cerebral hemispheres are separated from each other by
the longitudinal fissure
the cerebellum is ... to the cerebrum
caudal
the gray matter of the brain forms a surface layer called ... and deeper masses called ... surrounded by white matter
- cortex
- nuclei
the pons & cerebellum relate with this secondary embryonic vesicle
metencephalon
this figure shows the major anatomical landmarks of the medial surface of the brain. what does "7" represent?
pons
this figure shows the major anatomical landmarks of the medial surface of the brain. what does "3" represent?
hypothalamus
from superficial to deep, the meninges occur in this order
- dura mater
- arachnoid mater
- pia mater
cerebrospinal fluid serves these purposes EXCEPT
to provide oxygen & nutrients to the nervous tissue
cerebrospinal fluid is secreted by choroid plexuses in the ... ventricles and reabsorbed by arachnoid villi in the ...
- lateral, third, & fourth
- superior sagittal sinus
the blood-brain barrier is most permeable to ...
glucose & oxygen
the blood-brain barrier consists of ..
tight junctions b/t endothelial cells that form the capillary walls
a patient is experiencing a high fever, stiff neck, drowsiness, & intense headaches. a spinal tap showed bacteria & white blood cells in the cerebrospinal fluid. this individual most likely has ...
meningitis
the medulla oblongata originates from
the myelencephalon
the cardiac, vasomotor, & respiratory centers are found in
the medulla oblongata
the ... functions in visual attention, such as to look & follow the flight of a butterfly
superior colliculi
degeneration of neurons in this structure, which inhibits unwanted body movements, leads to muscle tremors of Parkinson's disease ...
substantia nigra
the reticular formation is a web of ... scattered throughout the ...
- gray matter
- brainstem
the ... is the largest part of the hindbrain
cerebellum
loss of equilibrium & motor coordination would most likely be related with a lesion in the ...
cerebellum
the arbor vitae is a structure found in ..
the cerebellum
there are no cranial nerves associated with ...
the cerebellum
the pons is not associated with ..
neck movements
the thalamus, hypothalamus, & epithalamus are derivatives of the embryonic ...
diencephalon
nearly all the somatosensory input to the cerebrum passes by way of synapses in ...
the thalamus
sex drive, body temperature, and food and water intake are regulated by ...
hypothalamus
a lesion of the ... would probably cause a person to sleep for random lengths of time during a 24 hour period
suprachiasmatic nucleus
pineal gland belongs to ....
epithalamus
planning, motivation, & social judgement are function of the brain associated with
the frontal lobe
the occipital lobe is ...
the principal visual center of the brain
this figure shows the lobes of the cerebrum, and some anatomical landmarks. what does "4" represent?
insula
the great majority of ... tracts pass through the corpus callosum
commissural
most gray matter of the cerebrum is located in ...
the neocortex
hippocampus & amygdala are structurs found in ...
the limbic system
a predominance of ... waves in an electroencephalogram (EEG) might indicate that a person is physically & mentally relaxed
alpha
during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep ...
the muscles are paralyzed, & body temperature, blood pressure, & heart & respiratory rates increase
About this deck
By: Robin Hoke
Created: 2012-05-09
Size: 117 flashcards
Views: 47
Created: 2012-05-09
Size: 117 flashcards
Views: 47
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have used this website for three exams, and I see a huge difference in my test results.”
Naj
Naj