FINAL!!!!!!
Anthropology 640.01 with Mcgraw at Ohio State University - All Campuses
About this deck
By: Andrea Rutherford
Textbook:
Primate Adaptation and Evolution, Second Edition
Created: 2010-06-08
Size: 35 flashcards
Views: 10
Textbook:
Primate Adaptation and Evolution, Second EditionCreated: 2010-06-08
Size: 35 flashcards
Views: 10
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What are the 6 defenses against predation?
- flight/freeze
- aggressive defense
- sleeping in trees
- alarm calls
- vigilance
- being up high in trees
What social groups tend to favor aggressive defense?
multi-male groups
Are all alarm calls the same?
no, they can differ depending on the predator, species of caller, and even the sex of caller
what is kin selection (with respect to alarm calls)?
adult females tend to produce mnore calls in the presence of kin
As group size ____, per capita vigilance should _____
increases, decreases
Which is more vigilant - unhabituated or habituated?
duh, unhabituated
why is vigilance hard to study?
it is hard for anthropologists to quantify this
in baboon societies, the dominant male tends to walk with who?
lactating females and infants
new migrant baboon males are marginalized at dangerous periphery (T or F)
true
What is birth synchrony and why is it important?
the synchronization of females to mate and give birth around the same time, has a dilution effect that maximizes the possibility of individual infant survival
What is the general trend for group size in relation to body size?
the larger the primate, generally the smaller the group
From a fitness standpoint, which is more important - food or avoiding predation?
avoiding predation
According to one of the two group size models, why would monogamy be favored in a low predation situation?
no need for a large group
According to one of the two group size models, why would monogamy be favored in a high predation situation?
it would allow the pair to avoid detection
What is the benefit of polyspecific associations?
- food guide
- insect flushing
- attraction to common resources
What is the general trend for primate canine size with respect to lifestyle?
terrestial primates are more likely to have larger canines even when controlling for body size and social structure
why is it hard to measure predation rates?
- predators scared of humans
- predation occurs at night (low visibility)
- may be rare
What are the most common primate predators? What species are more generally taken by these predators
raptors, smaller species
What trend is seen with predation rates and body size?
the two are negatively correlated
Arboreal species are more vulnerable to ____; terrestrial species are more vulnerable to _______
raptors, carnivores
____ may cause more deaths than traditional predation. why is this so?
intraspecific killing
food competition and fighting over resources
food competition and fighting over resources
What were the conclusions of Lee Hill's paper?
- high predation rates are associated with larger groups
- single-male groups get bigger with increased predation risk
- high ratio of males to females in multi-male multi female groups if there is a high predation risk
Who is Sultan?
chimp of psychologist Wolfgang Kohler, known for his great ability to solve problems and use of tools, helped Kohler prove that animals are capable of learning beyond trial and error
Who is Imo?
A Japanese macaque that learned to wash sweet potatoes in the river, taught it to her offspring, proved that apes have "culture" (at least in the strictest sense)
What species was the first to be observed using tools? Who discovered this behavior?
chimps, Jane Goodall
Which primates can recognize themselves in the mirror?
chimps, gorillas, capuchins, most monkeys cannot
Who proposed the social brain hypothesis? What did s/he propose?
Robert Dunbar, those primates that live in more complex social systems have larger brains
What varies in relation to neocortex size?
- day/home range
- percent frugivory
- extractive foraging
- group size
- grooming clique size
- social skills males use to mate
- frequency deception and play
What is the theory of mind?
the ability to attribute intentions, beliefs, desires, and other mental states to oneself and other individuals
The size of the brain correlates most with ____ and the ability of the group members to ________.
group size, read each other's minds
How much of a primate's day is spent grooming? How long would we need to spend grooming to maintain our social network?
20%, 45%
Who is Washu?
female chimp brought on by NASA for the space program, taught all the signs to her children
Who is Koko?
Gorilla that has a firm grasp on sign language
Who is Kanzi?
bonobo who learned sign language through social learning, knows thousands of symbols that he can use to make complex sentences
What is the gene responsible for language development?
FOXP2
About this deck
By: Andrea Rutherford
Textbook: Primate Adaptation and Evolution, Second Edition
Created: 2010-06-08
Size: 35 flashcards
Views: 10
Textbook:
Primate Adaptation and Evolution, Second EditionCreated: 2010-06-08
Size: 35 flashcards
Views: 10
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis
Dennis