Final

Sociology 101 with Qidwai at Ohio State University - All Campuses

About this deck

By: Sarah Morrow
Created: 2011-06-01
Size: 49 flashcards
Views: 80

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Gender vs. Sex

Sex is biological while gender is socially constructed

Social Construction of Sexual Identity

Essentialist View: we are born with a sexual identity (biological)
Social Constructionist View: there is a shaping of sexual identity, confirming, role

Kinsey

Performed a study that found 37% of men had at least one sexual experience with another man

Laumann

1.4% of women and 2.8% of men identify as homosexual

Gender Stratification and Work

Although nearly half of the work force is women, women are often relegated to more "feminine" jobs
Glass ceiling - can see promotions but can't reach after reaching a certain level
Glass elevator - opposite, males have easier access to promotions

Cost of Sexism

Marilyn French - males seek control not only of women, but also of themselves
- patriarchy society encourages males to have risk-taking behavior
Instrumental Roles: task oriented; each act has an end goal
Expressive Roles: provide support; nurturing

Endogamy

Practice of marrying within a certain ethnic group

Exogamy

Marrying outside of a specific group

Homogamy

Marriage between individuals, who are, in some culturally important way, similar to each other. Ex. class, gender, ethnicity, or religion

Domestic Violence

Physical, verbal, financial, sexual, or psychological behaviors which abusers use to gain and maintain power
Four Stage Cycle: happy, disagreements glossed over, acute battering and violence, honeymoon

Bachman and Saltzman

Highest rates of rape and sexual assault are found among women ages 12-24

False Consciousness

Marxist thesis that material and institutional processes in capitalist society are misleading to the proletariat and other classes

Liberation Theology

Christian movement in political theology that interprets the teachings of Jesus in terms of liberation from unjust economical, political, or social conditions

Functionalist View of Religion

Social cohesion, social control, meaning and purpse

Conflict View of Religion

Cohesion can divide people/create violence

Just War

Conflict can meet criteria of religious justice

Rerun Novarum and Laborem Exercens

Rerun Novarum: open letter written by Pope Leo arguing for a living wage and reaffirming the right to join unions
Laborem Exercens: John Paul's addition to Pope Leo's letter arguing that labor has authority over capital

Zakah

Tax that Muslims are required to pay. Gives 2.5% of their total wealth to a charity. One of the 5 pillars

Extrinsic vs. Intrinsic Religiosity

Physically shown religiosity vs. spirituality

Cult

(New Religious Movement)
Any new, small religion

Race

Refers to the socially constructed categories of people that share physical traits. Race is a social construct based on very slight genetic differences

Ethnicity

Shared cultural traits

Prejudice

Belief about a certain group of people, discrepancies as to whether it can be positive as well

Racism

A more focused form of prejudice

Scapegoat Theory

Racism is present because people feel the need to blame the world's problems on somebody

Discrimination

Action, not just belief

Authoritarian Personality Theory

Theodor Adorno
Those who are prejudiced have certain traits in common.
They:
- don't just dislike one race
- rigid ideas about right and wrong
- think society is naturally competing
- little education and grew up with strict parents

Pluralism

Every culture is distinct
A+B+C=A+B+C
(US)

Assimilation

All cultures must mold together and adopt culture of majority group
A+B+C=A
(US)

Melting Pot

All cultures "melt" together to form a unified, new culture
A+B+C=D
(US)

Segregation

Keeping one group away
A+B+C=A/(B+C)

Genocide

Extermination of an entire culture
A+B+C=A+B-C

Affirmative Action

Attempts to increase access for historically stratified groups in order to rectify institutional discrimination

Social Change

Significant alteration over time in behavior patterns and culture
Invention, Discovery, Diffusion

Social Movements Typology

Limited/Individuals: Alternative (after school programs)
Radical/Individuals: Redemptive (religious institutions)
Limited/Everyone: Reformative (environmental movement)
Radical/Everyone: Revolutionary

Relative Deprivation

The conscious feeling of a negative discrepancy between legitimate expectations and present actualities

Resource Mobilization

The success of a movement for change will depend in part on what resources it has and how effectively it mobilizes them
- if you lack proper resources, you will not succeed

Political Opportunity

The main factor contributing to the success or failure of a movement is the political environment

Framing

The main factor contributing to the success or failure of a movement is the ability of the movement to frame their message in a way that resonates with their target audience

New Social Movements

While traditional social movements focused on economic issues, many modern movements have expanded their goals to general social justice, the environment, gender concerns, etc.

Social Stratification

A system by which a society ranks categories of people in a hierarchy
- transfer from generation to generation
- universal but variable
- encompasses inequality and beliefs

Wealth vs. Income

Wealth remains relatively stable while income can fluctuate

Vertical Mobility

Mobility up or down the social ladder

Horizontal Mobility

Mobility within the same social class

Open/Closed Systems

Able to move up or down in society vs. no chance of moving

Thomas Theorem

A situation is real if it has real consequences

Teacher Expectancy Effect

You meet the expectations of your teacher

Hidden Curriculum

Hidden curriculum within lessons. We teach different people different lessons (inequality)

Pierre Bourdieu

Social Reproduction
Goes into more detail on class issues. Cultural capital (receive different amounts based on school)

About this deck

By: Sarah Morrow
Created: 2011-06-01
Size: 49 flashcards
Views: 80

About StudyBlue

“I have been getting MUCH better grades on all my tests for school. Flash cards, notes, and quizzes are great on here. Thanks!”
Kathy