First Americans and Australians

StudyBlue printing of First Americans and Australians html, body, div, span, applet, object, iframe, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, blockquote, pre, a, abbr, acronym, address, big, cite, code, del, dfn, em, font, img, ins, kbd, q, s, samp, small, strike, strong, sub, sup, tt, var, b, u, i, center, fieldset, form, label, legend, table, caption, tbody, tfoot, thead, tr, th, td { margin: 0; padding: 0; border: 0; outline: 0; font-size: 100%; background: transparent; } body { line-height: 1; } blockquote, q { quotes: none; } blockquote:before, blockquote:after, q:before, q:after { content: ''; content: none; } /* remember to define focus styles! */ :focus { outline: 0; } /* remember to highlight inserts somehow! */ ins { text-decoration: none; } del { text-decoration: line-through; } /* tables still need 'cellspacing="0"' in the markup */ table { border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0; } /* end RESET */ .header { min-width:800px; } .logo { padding:6px 20px 2px 20px; margin:0; font-size:25px; font-weight:bold; color:#808285; position:relative; border-bottom: 1px solid #c5c5c5; } .logo-blue { color:#70adc4; } .logo-desc { font-weight:normal; font-size:19px; color:#cccccc; margin-top:50px; position:absolute; display: none; } .back-button { position:absolute; top:20px; right:20px; font-size:13px; line-height:25px; color:rgb(0,175,225); font-weight:normal; } .back-button a { color:rgb(0,175,225); } .instructions { padding:0; margin:0; width:100%; position:relative; color:rgb(100,100,100); } .step-holder { border-left:1px solid #ededed; margin-left:20px; } .steps { padding:15px 0; float:left; width:24%; border-right:1px solid #ededed; text-align:center; } .steps-01 { } .steps-02 { } .steps-03 { } .steps-04 { } .label { padding:5px 10px; } .print-button { } .print-button a { background-color:rgb(0,175,225); color:white; line-height: 19px; padding:9px 8px 5px 30px; font-size:14px; text-decoration:none; background-image: url(images/printer.png); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-position: 7px 50%; -moz-border-radius: 5px; -webkit-border-radius: 5px; } .print-button a:hover { background-color:black; } .theNote .content { width: 8.0in !important; margin: 5px auto; padding:20px; background-color:white; } .theNote .header { border-bottom: 1px dashed #C8C8C8; font-size: 17px; padding: 0 0 10px; line-height: 19px; color: #00ADE1; min-width:500px; } .theNote .body { font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px; padding: 10px 0; } .theNote{ padding:6px 0; clear:both; background-color: rgb(200,200,200); } .theNote h3{ color: rgb(100,100,100); } .theNote h1, .theNote h3{ background-color:white; padding:2px 20px; width:8.0in !important; margin: 0 auto; font-size: 15px; } .theNote h1{ padding-top: 10px; font-size: 15px; } .theNote h1:first-child{ font-size: 20px; } .theNote h3 { font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal; } #options { border: 3px double #ccc; padding: 5px 12px; margin: 10px 50px 10px 20px; float: left; } #info { border-top: 1px solid #ccc; padding-top: 5px; font-style: italic; } li { margin: 5px 10px 5px 25px; } ul li { list-style: disc; } ol li { list-style: decimal; } img { border: 0; } table { clear: both; width: 100%; border: 1px solid #c5c5c5; border-width: 1px 0; margin: 0; page-break-after: always; } table#page { page-break-after: auto; } td { text-align: center; font-size: 12px; border-bottom: 1px dashed #c5c5c5; height: 1.75in; width: 50%; padding-left: 15px; } .leftside { border-right: 1px solid #cccccc; padding: 0 15px 0 0; } .bottom td { border-bottom: none; } .clearfix { clear:both; line-height:1px; height:1px; } img { max-width:80%; max-height:150px; margin:20px; } @media print {.header { display: none; } .content .header{ display:inherit; } table { border: 1px dashed #bbb; border-width: 1px 0; } .theNote{ background-color:white; } } First Americans and Australians REview of human migration SW asia 90kya Europe 45kya Eurasia 40kya Siberia 35ky NW siberia 25kya Unresolved issues When did humans enter the Americas? How did they make a living? Where did they come from> Early Colonization Hypothesis For: Bering land Bridge exposed 75 to 45kya Against: No Dates Costa. Migration? ForEarly Costal sites Other sea migrations Glacial data Against: Boats? Arctic Waters Treacherous From Europe For: Solutrean similarities Potin styles Spear shaft wrench Against: No other similarities Genetic data Linguistic data clovis not first Ice Free Corridor For: Matches sites will simplest explination Against: Ice Free Corridor no welcoming The First Beringians Worldwide Human Settlement in arctic regions after 18KYA Wide Open Landscape Terrestrial Hunters The First Alaskans !3,700 Ya Swan Point site Microblades Upper Paleolithic Mobile Hunters Early sites in Usa Meadowcroft Pennsylvania 14,5oo Ya Cactus Hill Virginia 15-16,600ya Early sites in South American Luzia Woman Brazil 11,500ya Monte Verde Chile 13,800-14,000ya Dental Evidence Biological Evidence 5 mtDNA Lineages 2 populations 15,00ya Root Siberia Linguistic Evidence Three Language Families Amerind Before 11,00 ya Largest Group Na-Dene 9,00ya Aleutian 4,000ya Paleo-Indians Emerge Instantaneously across North America 13,200-13,00 ya Clovis Large Territories Highly Mobile Social Contacts Big Game Extinctions 75% of large mammalian genera Hunted to extinction? Meteor impact? Too Hot? Greater extremes? No Explanation needed? Summary First Americans Controversies Clovis points Australians Sunda and Sahul Early people of Sunfa excellent Ocean Navigators Settlement of Sahul Full of Controversy Sunda--->Wallacea----> Australia Southern CHina--> Philippines----->Sulawesi---->New Guinea 44-45kya Australia Lake Mungo Burial earliest date 28 kya Extensive Evidence of Human activity Hunter-Gatherers until Colonization 500 groups, 250 languages Fire-stick farming Tasmania Occupied 35 kya, Spear-throwers No hafted tools, Boomerangs Spear-throwers Australian Rock Art Paintings and engravings 20-40kya HUmans, animals, and symbols Dreamtime-when and how everything was created Territorial Markers