Flashcards for GEOL 1000; Exam 2

Science 1010 with Paulasteinker at Bowling Green State University

About this deck

By: hillary smith
Created: 2010-11-08
Size: 61 flashcards
Views: 72

About StudyBlue

STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school. Things like online flashcards with photos and audio. Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next. Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone. STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.

“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis

Sign up (free) to study this.

moment magnitude

based on the size of a fault

Richter Scale

measures magnitude based on the height of a wave

Mercalli Scale

measures the intensity of an earthquake

How is the location of an earthquake determined?

by the seismograph

What is rounding, during erosion?

degress in roundness by abrasion

Focus point

point of intial rupture along a fault line.

what are earthquakes?

results from an underground movement along a fault plane from volcanic activity

what are Faults?

fracture in rocks where there has been significant displacement

What is the Elastic Rebound Theory?

How energy is spread through earthquakes

What is seismology?

The geophysical science of earthquakes and the mechanical properties of the eart

Surface Waves

slowest & causes the most damage

What is the epicenter?

point on earths surface directly above the focus, point where earthquakes explodes

Body Waves

fast and travel below the surface

What are P waves?

seismic waves that travel through the earth which are produced by earthquakes

What are S waves?

stronger than P waves, but cannot travel through earth. surface / slowest waves

What are Joints?

fractures in rocks due to movements in the plane

What are folds?

flat part of land. bent/curved as part of deformation

What are faults?

Fractures of rocks, significant displacements

San Andreas Fault

fault in california, 1906. caused the San Fran earthquake & fire.

What is Graben?

depressed block of land, bordered by parallel faults

unconformity

burned erosion surface seperating 2 rock masses of different ages

Classifications if detrital sedimentry rocks

consist of particles of mostely one size.

What are sedimentry structures?

formed during depositon of sediments but before lithifications.

What is cross-bedding?

inclined sedimentry structures in a horizontal unit of rock

Cross-bedding in dunes?

sand grains blown up sides and trickle down steep sides create cross-bedding

Cross-bedding in deltas?

formed when streams flow into oceans

All sedimentry rocks share...

- cover 3/4 surface
- form at surface stratification

What is stratification?

depositions in layers, called strata

Princeple of original horizontally

when sedimentry rocks are deposited; laid down in layers parallel to surface

principle of uniformitarianism

any feature of earth produced by acting with laws of nature

- example: rives flow downhill due to process gravity

Two basic types of sedimentry rocks

Limestone & Flint

Process of Sedimentation

formation of sedimentry rocks

During erosion, what is sorting?

similarity in size of the rocks

New Madrid, Missouri

- still active today

- crosses Mississippi River three times & Ohio River twice

Why are Tsunamis different than Rogue waves?

Tsunamis are walls of water, that don't break
Rogue Waves are 100' tall, usually calm waters & common

What caused Haiti's Earthquake?

movement along a fault formed by the eastward motion of the Carribean fault

What cause Sumatra's Earthquake?

caused by India moving under Indonesia

Alaksa Earthquake

Largest earthquake to ever be recorded

San Francisco Earthquake

Caused San Fran fire. power & water lines broke due to the earthquake

Charleston, South Carolina

Largest earthquake on the east

mechanical weathering can occur, how?

- freezing of rocks
- salt wedging

- tempeture changing

Why don't streams run dry?

it rains enough to keep the rivers flowing

What are the loads of a stream? & what material is carried in each?

- suspended load; silt & clay

- bed load; sand & gravel

- dissolved load

saltation

sand is picked up by stream & flung upward

Salinization

water evaporates leaving behind a salt crusty layer over ground

What does veolcity depends on?

- gradient, size, shape & roughness of a channel & discharge

What is the competance of a stream?

maxium size of particles, which depend on velocity

What is Capacity?

total load, which depnds on the discharge

Increase in velocity creates?

erosion

Decrease in veolcity creates?

Deposition

What is base level?

Base level is the lowest point to which a stream can cut downward

What is the Hoover Dam?

726.4' high, creats Lake mead which is the largest lake in the US

What is the Glen Canyon Dam?

creates 2nd largst lake

What are meanders?

They are bends in a stream which causes lateral erosion

How was Niagra Falls formed?

by abrubt drop in granite, called knick point.

Main cause of the Great Midwest Flood of 1993

weather, dams, manmade levees.

Geological settings of New Orleans

In a bowl, 10' below sea level & there's water on 3 sides

Why is New Orleans continuing to flood?

Mississippi river no longer floods & sediments are trapped upstream.

What is Drainage basin?

an area drained by a river, seperated by high grounds

what is drainage divide?

seperates drainage basins that flow into different oceans

what is flood recurrence interval?

average time between floods of a given size

About this deck

By: hillary smith
Created: 2010-11-08
Size: 61 flashcards
Views: 72

About StudyBlue

“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis