FYSM Final 2
Physical Education 134 with Flynn at College of Charleston
About this deck
By: allyson elrod-bloom
Created: 2011-04-26
Size: 35 flashcards
Views: 25
Created: 2011-04-26
Size: 35 flashcards
Views: 25
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How many times does skeletal muscle contract in a 10k?
~8,000 times
How/why is energy delivered? (4)
-Fuels
-ATP production
-Fuel balance
-Muscle Soreness
-ATP production
-Fuel balance
-Muscle Soreness
What are the 3 muscle types?
- Smooth
- Skeletal
- Cardiac
- Skeletal
- Cardiac
Put in the correct order: epimycium, endomycium, and perimycium.
1.) Epimycium - muscle
2.) Perimycium - bundle of muslce fibers ~200
3.) Endomysium - long muscle cell aka MYOFIBRIL
2.) Perimycium - bundle of muslce fibers ~200
3.) Endomysium - long muscle cell aka MYOFIBRIL
Name the 4 parts of the sarcomere?
-z line
-m line
-I band
-A band
-m line
-I band
-A band
What are straitions? What are the three types of striations?
stripes on a myofibril
1.) thin filaments called actin
2.) think filaments called myosin
3.) myofiliaments
1.) thin filaments called actin
2.) think filaments called myosin
3.) myofiliaments
What is the purpose of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and where is it located?
-it surrounds the myofibril bundles
-stores calcium that is released, and taken back up
-stores calcium that is released, and taken back up
What is the role of tropomyosin?
It covers the binding site that myosin wants
** if troponin moves, tropomyosin moves... (if i move you move just like that)**
** if troponin moves, tropomyosin moves... (if i move you move just like that)**
How do myosin and actin interact in muscle contraction? (6) steps
1.) calcium is released
2.) calcium binds to troponin
3.) troponin changes shape
4.) troponin is bound to tropomyosin
5.) tropomyosin (bound to troponin) moves
6.) binding site exposed
2.) calcium binds to troponin
3.) troponin changes shape
4.) troponin is bound to tropomyosin
5.) tropomyosin (bound to troponin) moves
6.) binding site exposed
continued:
What happens when the binding site is exposed? (5 parts)
What happens when the binding site is exposed? (5 parts)
1.) activated myosin binds
2.) power stroke (causes muscle to shorten)
3.) ATP releases head
4.) ATP -> ADP in hydrolysis causes the head to recock myosin head
2.) power stroke (causes muscle to shorten)
3.) ATP releases head
4.) ATP -> ADP in hydrolysis causes the head to recock myosin head
What happens to an athlete when there is inadequate ATP?
Fatigue
What are the 3 types of muscle action?
1.) Concentric: muscle shortening
2.) Eccentric: muscle lengthening
3.) Isometric: force development / no contraction
2.) Eccentric: muscle lengthening
3.) Isometric: force development / no contraction
What is the cause of DOMS (delayed onset muscle soreness)?
Eccentric contractions
What is muscle fatigue?
inability to maintain the required / desired strength of contraction due to inadequate ATP production
What are the three muscle fiber types?
Type I: slow oxidative
Type IIa: fast oxidative/ glycolytic
Type IIx: fast glycolytic
Type IIa: fast oxidative/ glycolytic
Type IIx: fast glycolytic
What does oxidative mean? What does glycolytic mean?
oxidative = aerobic / requiring oxygen
anaerobic = anaerobic / glycogen requiring
anaerobic = anaerobic / glycogen requiring
Which type of muscle fiber causes an easy onset of fatigue?
Type IIx
What type of muscle fiber is fatigue resistant?
Type I
What type of fibers does a distance runner have compared to a sprinter or non-athlete (slow vs fast)
Long distance runner: 70/30
Sprinter: 30/70
non-athlete 50/50
Sprinter: 30/70
non-athlete 50/50
Characteristics of a good marathon runner? (4)
High % type I fibers
Large heart
stride/form
good oxidative capacity
Large heart
stride/form
good oxidative capacity
Can muscle fiber type change? Which is more difficult Type II to I or IIx to IIa?
Yes
Type II to I is difficult but can occur thru endurance training.
Type IIx to IIa is easy
Type II to I is difficult but can occur thru endurance training.
Type IIx to IIa is easy
What is the purpose of training?
-increase mitochondria (size & number)
-increased capillary number up to 25%
-increased type I fiber size (more oxidative)
-increased capillary number up to 25%
-increased type I fiber size (more oxidative)
What is the purpose of marathon training?
-increase oxidative enzymes
-increased glycogen storage
- increased lipid storage
-incrased fat oxidation
-increased glycogen storage
- increased lipid storage
-incrased fat oxidation
What is the purpose of the cardiovascular system? (3)
- transport O2 and nutrients
- removes CO2
- regulates body temp
- removes CO2
- regulates body temp
4 parts of the cardiovascular system
1.) Heart
2.) arteries & arterioles
3.) capillaries
4.) veins and venules
2.) arteries & arterioles
3.) capillaries
4.) veins and venules
Stroke volume at rest
70x70= 4900 mL/min
During maximal excercise what is the stroke volume?
normal athlete: 20,000 ml/min OR 20 L/min
Trainined runner: 30,000 ml/min OR 30L/min
Trainined runner: 30,000 ml/min OR 30L/min
What is the HR at rest compared to the HR during heavy excercise?
75 b/min
180 b/min
180 b/min
How much volume does the heart take each time it pumps?
5%
about .25L/min at rest
about 1.5 L/min at maximum excercise
about .25L/min at rest
about 1.5 L/min at maximum excercise
What is contractility?
relative force of the left ventricle
How does training affect contractility? (2)
-Increased filling due to greater blood volume
-slower heart rate
-slower heart rate
How much does oxygen demand change when excercising compared to rest?
15-25%
How is oxygen delivery increased?
Increasead cardiac output
redistribution of blood flow
redistribution of blood flow
How does excercise reduce the amount of myocardial damage from heart attacks?
Increased antioxidant capacity
increased function of atp sensitve potassium pump
increased function of atp sensitve potassium pump
What is the significance of increased plasma volume in trained runners?
-more to distribute in the heat
-increases 5-15% in training
-increases 5-15% in training
About this deck
By: allyson elrod-bloom
Created: 2011-04-26
Size: 35 flashcards
Views: 25
Created: 2011-04-26
Size: 35 flashcards
Views: 25
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have been getting MUCH better grades on all my tests for school. Flash cards, notes, and quizzes are great on here. Thanks!”
Kathy
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