General psychology test 1 flash cards

Psychology 1003 with Apostal at University of Minnesota - Duluth

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By: Alexa Mathwig
Created: 2011-09-18
Size: 90 flashcards
Views: 42

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psychology (science)

behavior
underlying processes

psychology (profession)

practical problems- applies research

councilors
psychologist

What are some major research areas in psychology?

Developmental
social
experimental
physiology
cognitive
psychometrics
personality

Developmental psychology

study of how humans change from conception and depth

study of entire life span- how we change as we age

Social psychology

how we behave in the presence of others and how do they influence our behaviors

experimental psychology

learning and conditioning

sensation and perception

motivation and ....

physiology psychology

how does bio affect behaviors

left side of brain controls language

behavior genetics

influence of nature and nurture

hormones

how they influence behavior
puberty changes behaviors

Cognitive psychology

higher mental process

memory
reasoning
language
decision making
creativity

psychometrics psychology

measurement

designed test-- (IQ)

personality

Developmental psychology- its a life long process

what are the areas of applied psychology

clinical-- trained to identify and treat psychological problems
counseling- trained to deal with everyday issues

marriage/ family/career

education/school- trained to deal with stress related issues
industrial/organizational (IQ)- advice employers to hire certain people

advices how to get the most out of employers.
highest paying

forensic psychology-- focuses on law

What are the 7 themes of psychology

empiricism
theoretical diversity
sociohistorical context
multiple causes
cultural heritage
nature + nurture
experiences is subjective

what is empiricism?

knowledge is gained through research/ data

what is theretical diversity?

competing ideas on how we behave

humanist: believe we can change our selves

other: beleive we are born a certain way and cant change

What is sociohistorical context

psychology influences whats going on with the time and whats going on with the time influences psychology.

What is multiple causes?

behavior is determined by multiple causes.

- it is very tempting to find explanations on why some one is acting that way

- using language to call some one names.

- think people are stupid for not doing well in school

----- but they can have other circumstances

cultural heritage

use to do studies on white college males

psychology had become much more diverse

nature + nurture

assumed behavior was determined by genetics or nature

- NOW we know its both.

experience is subjective

motives and exceptions

psychology is defined as what?

the study of individuals and their mental process

what are some reasons people study psychology

help with stress

better educate others

dispositional factors

(personality factors involved in behavior)
mental state, personality, genetic, attitude
its internal- characteristics inside humans

situational factors

- external- outside

rewards, sensory, stimulation, action of others

p300 wave measures what?

response to an unexpected event

how can non-verbal communication be defined as?

communication between people using

- facial expressions

- body movement

-tone of voice

molar level analysis

individuals back groung and social experiences must be factored in

sexual attraction

patient, therapist interactions

nature of prejudice

IAT measures what?

length of association with two concepts

what are the 3 levels of psychology

micro

molecular

molar

when did modern psychology begin? by whom?

1879 in germany

wundt

when was the first american psychology lab and by whom?

1883- Hall

who was the first to start a psych lab?

william wundt

what was the school of structuralism about?

- elements of consciousness- sensations, sounds, perceptions

- psych was influenced by physics at this time

- method: introspection

what was the school of functionalism about?

lead by James

- who was a " Giant" in psych

- he wrote the book of principals of psychology-- very important book (1890)

- natural selection

" stream of consciousness"

- looked at mental testing and child development

- looked at how psych helps us survive and what it does for us

- MODERN PSYCH

Who published the book principals of psychology?

William JAMES in 1890

which school of psychology was more modern?

functionalism

what school of psychology won the battle?

functionalism- because it controlled the future

psychoanalysis

physician who observes behavior and helps with figuring out an issue they are having.

Behaviorism

observable behavior

- can be verified

radical

nature vs nurture debate

no matter how your born, environment can control who you become

- nurture decided who we are not nature

emphasis on environment

who is John B WATSON?

- from the US

- changed the course of psychology,

- "psychology should study behavior"

- behaviorism

who is B.F. Skinner?

- (1904-1990)

- behaviorism

- focused on environment

- behavior followed with reinforcement, tend to be repeated

behaviors followed by punishment, tend to not be repeated

who is RODGERS?

- he said therapist should not direct sessions

- client should be boss

- therapist should be very supported

The Humanist revolt

- 1950s

- tried to be optimistic

who were the two humanist

Maslow

rodgers

who is Maslow?

he said personality is a life long search

- there is also a life long search to finding out potentials

Cognition

- higher mental processes

- consciousness idea

- 1950s-60s

cognitive psychology

- decision making, seasoning, problem solving, language, ect....

- it s natural mental ability to do develop human characteristics

physiological psychology

behavior influenced by:

- brain functioning

- genetics: which behaviors are the product of genes

- neurotransmitters- chemicals n nervous system to allow nervous system to communicate with another

- hormones- effecting who we are prenatally

when was the decade of the brain?

1990s

who is martin Selligman? and what did he research?

architect of positive psychology

researched:

- emotions; love, hope

- triats; resilient, courages, tolerant

- institutions and communities

what is empiricism?

idea knowledge is gained through..

hypothesis

testable idea

variable?

any events that can be measured or manipulated in a study

e. gender and score on surverys

theory

research comes from theorys

- organized system of ideas that explains research finsngs

- must be testable

operational definition

precise definition

how will the concept be observed and measured

data collection methods

ways researchers collect info

research designs

how its analyzed

conclusions

methods for collecting data

observation

1. lab
2. naturalistic observation

surveys and interviews
tests

what are the pros and cons for observation data?

humans dont always behave the same around others.

what are the pros and cons for surveys and interview data

pros:

- accumulates a lot of data

cons:

- bias responses

what are the pros and cons for test data?

pros:

- every one takes same test, with same questions, with same amount of time

cons:

- bias because questions were written with high levels of education, white males

case study

- looks at an individual

what are some research designs?

descriptive

- describes behavior

(case study)

correlational

- relationship between two variables

experimental

- researcher manipulates one variable to discover its effects on another

correlation

at least 2 variables are researched for an individual

-1 to +1

* for strong association: ignore the (-,+)

correlation allow prediction, but not causal conclusions.

-- cant say x causes y, in a correlation experiment.

experimental design needs to have.....

independent

dependent

control group

experimental condition

hypothesis

all conditions need to be kept the same for both groups

The first applied area of psychology to emerge was _______ psychology.

Clinical

The idea that psychology should only study observable events is the cornerstone of the school of psychology known as ________ .

behaviorism

Advocates of the ________ perspective maintain that much of human and animal behavior can be explained in terms of the bodily structures and biochemical processes that allow organisms to behave.

Biological

A psychologist who studies attitude formation and change would probably be considered a(n) ________ psychologist.

social

Examining behavior in terms of its adaptive value for a given species over a number of generations is consistent with the ________ approach to psychology.

evolutionary

Apparently unrelated observations can sometimes be linked together and explained through the use of a well-constructed ________ .

theory

The fact that trends, issues and values in society have influenced psychology's evolution illustrates that psychology develops in a(n) ________ context.

sociohistorical

________ psychology is interested in describing individuals' consistency in behavior.

personality

According to Wilhelm Wundt, psychology's primary focus should be the scientific study of mental processes. T or F

true

Functionalists relied heavily on the method of introspection to understand the nature and function of conscious processes. t or f

false

A strict behaviorist would view nature as more important than nurture in determining an individual's observable responses to a given stimulus. t or f

false

One of the main criticisms raised concerning both behaviorism and psychoanalytic theory is that these views are dehumanizing. t or f

true

Until the 1950s and 1960s the dominance of behaviorism discouraged the study of mental processes in psychology. t or f

true

The notion that the subject matter of psychology should be the scientific study of conscious experience is MOST closely linked with:

william wundt

The ________ believed that consciousness developed in humans because it serves a useful purpose.

structuralist

Watson defined psychology as the scientific study of:

behavior

Which pair of terms reflects the observation that "psychology returned to its roots" in the latter part of the 20th century?

cognitive perspective and biological perspective

A psychologist who specializes in psychometrics is MOST likely to be interested in:

the development of psychological tests to measure intelligence or personality traits.

Which of the following areas of specializations in psychology is involved with the development of curricula and the training of teachers?

Educational psych

calkins

studied under james

founder of first american psych lab in america

studied memory

first women president of APA

washbnurn

first women to receive a phd in psychology

wrote animan mind

second women to serve APA

Hollingworth

special education program

Anecdotal evidence

personal stories about incidents or experiences

critical thinking

· Purposeful, reasoned, goal-directed thinking that involves solving problems, formulating inferences, working with probabilities, and making carefully thought-out decisions.

clinical vs counseling

clinical

- deals with mental illnesses (skits)

counseling

- deals with physiological healthy people (stress)

About this deck

By: Alexa Mathwig
Created: 2011-09-18
Size: 90 flashcards
Views: 42

About StudyBlue

“I have been getting MUCH better grades on all my tests for school. Flash cards, notes, and quizzes are great on here. Thanks!”
Kathy