Genetics 466 Exam 3- Masson (Lec 24-35)
Genetics 466 with Chang/laughon/masson at University of Wisconsin - Madison
About this deck
By: Becca Gillett
Textbook:
Introduction to Genetic Analysis
Principles of Genetics
Created: 2012-04-13
Size: 188 flashcards
Views: 34
Textbook:
Introduction to Genetic Analysis Principles of GeneticsCreated: 2012-04-13
Size: 188 flashcards
Views: 34
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What is the purpose of the LacZ gene in a plasmid cloning vector?
a selective agent to tell if recombination has occured or not. If recombination has occured then will be white, if not blue.
genomic library
A collection of DNA fragments that span the entire genome. Can be YAC, BAC, cosmid, or plasmid (largest to smallest vector).
each within a plasmid, phage, or other cloning vector.
strategies used to build genomic libraries
To clone a gene one needs to:
- Cleave the genomic DNA into small pieces
- Clone and amplify each piece of genomic DNA in a cloning vector
- clone/amplify such that each genomic fragment is represented by a large number of individual recombinant clones --> Genomic Library
cDNA libraries
created from mRNA molecules by reverse transcriptase, determiningwhich genes are expressed in particular cell type
needed for Expressed Sequence Tag (EST) sequencing for gene discovery and gene expression
strategies used to build cDNA libraries
Want to determine which genes are expressed in specific tissue or at specific periods during development
Define which mRNAs are present in those tissues
Trick: extract mRNA, convert it into complimentary DNA (cDNA) using the Reverse Transcriptase (from retrotransposons or retrovirus) and clone into a vector to create a cDNA Library
B lymphocytes
(Only attach to one particular shape then start making antibodies)
Arise and mature in the red bone marrow. Found primarily in the spleen, lymph nodes, and MALT
small percentage of B cells circulate in the blood
Major Function is the secretions of antibodies. B cells stay in red bone marrow then go through body.
Cytotoxic t lymphocytes
After recognition of antigen, two cell types produced:
Effector cytotoxic t cells
Memory cells
Steps: recognition, multiply t cells, differentiation(memory and effector cells)
pT-alpha is replaced by alpha chain to created T-cell receptor
Immunoglobulin superfamily
ICAM endothelial cells
VCAM endothelial cells
PECAM endothelial and lymphocytes
The above serve as ligands for integrins
VCAM endothelial cells
PECAM endothelial and lymphocytes
The above serve as ligands for integrins
- 5 different isoforms (M1 - M5)
- M1 - "neural" (in the CNS) and in enteric nervous system and ganglia
- M2 - "cardiac" in atria, AV and SA nodes; also found in smooth muscles
- some in the brain as presynaptic
- M3 - "glandular" exocrine gland; smooth muscles; endothelial cells; parietal cells
Tautomerization
- Catalyzed by both an acid and a base
- Always requires two steps (Protonation --> deprotonation)
- When in a base the deprotonation occurs first.
the interconversion of organic compounds commonly resulting from the formal migration of a hydrogen atom or proton accompanied by a switch of a single bond and adjacent double bond
strand slippage
either the new of nucleotides or old strand looping slightly out during replication
causes omission or addition of nucleotides (depending on which strands slips out)
If siRNA/miRNA associate with the RITs complex, they are converted to a ______ stranded form which can bind to complementary regions of nuclear genome
single
RNA vs DNA
- is single stranded (not a double helix, like DNA)
- can sometimes fold into complex, three-dimensional shapes
- has ribose as its "backbone" sugar, instead of deoxiribose (as DNA has)
- has the pyrimidine uracil instead of thymine (either base bonds primarily with adenine)
- can be either
- informational (messenger RNA)
- functional (ribosomal, transfer, small cytoplasmic, small nuclear, micro etc. RNA
About this deck
By: Becca Gillett
Textbook: Introduction to Genetic Analysis
Principles of Genetics
Created: 2012-04-13
Size: 188 flashcards
Views: 34
Textbook:
Introduction to Genetic Analysis Principles of GeneticsCreated: 2012-04-13
Size: 188 flashcards
Views: 34
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis
Dennis