Genetics Exam 2

Biology 2004 with Shokraii at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

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By: Cara DS
Textbook: Genetics
Created: 2011-06-25
Size: 58 flashcards
Views: 72

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Red-Green Color Blindness is X linked Recessive. A woman w/ NCV has CB father. Woman has child w/ NCV man. Which phenotype is NOT expected?

color-blind female

a condition in which one gene pair masks the expression of a non-allelic gene pair is called

epistasis

Linked genes ___

co-segregate

Genetic distances within a given linkage group

Cannot exceed 100 cM

Are dependent upon crossover frequencies between paired, non-sister chromatids

Are measured in centiMorgans

When two genes fail to assort independently the term normally applied is

linkage

Assume a cross is made between AaBb and aabb plants. All offspring are either AaBb or aabb. These results are consistent with

Complete linkage

Assume a cross made between AaBb and aabb plans. Offspring fall into approx. = numbers of AaBb, Aabb, aaBb, aabb. These results are consistent with?

independent assortment

Somatic cell hybridization

Used to localize genes on specific chromosomes

Is based on fusion of 2 different lines of cells

hybrid cells will not keep all the chromosome and will lose them randomly

Assume cross btw AaBb and aabb plants. Offspring = 106 AaBb, 48 Aabb, 52 aaBb, 94 aabb. These results are consistent with

linkage with 50% crossing over

During interphase of the cell cycle, mitosis or meiosis,

DNA content essentially doubles

A bacterial cell transfers chromosomal genes to F- cells, but rarely causes them to become F+. The bacterial cell is

Hfr

The E.coli genome contains roughly ___ nucleotide pairs and ___ genes

5,000,000 Nucleotide pairs

5000 genes

leu- bactera mixed in a flask w/ leu+, soon all are leu+. But, if leu- are on one side of U-tube and leu+ on other, leu- wont become prototrophic.

This suggests CONJUGATION

2 different strains mutant phage infect bacterium. 1 phage d- other is e-

Some of progeny phages are genotype d+e+, some d-e-. What does this show?

Recombination

What does enzyme Reverse Transcriptase do?

it makes a DNA molecule, using RNA as a template

Banana does not have seed because,

it is a triploid and can not produce viable gametes

AIDs is caused by a

Retrovirus

Two forms of Recombination in Bacteria are

Conjucation and Transduction

Bacteriophage engage in two interactive cycles with bacteria. What are they?

Lytic and Lysogenic

A bacteriophage which is capable of entering either a lytic or lysogenic cycle is called a

temperate bacteriophage

Transduction is a form of recombination in bacteria which involves

Bacteriophage

The clearing made by bacteriophage in a "lawn" of bacteria on an agar plate is called

a plaque

Name the general category into which double stranded circular extrachromosomal DNA elements such as F factors, ColE1 and R would fall.

Plasmid

The process of sexduction means

transfer of a gene from one bacteria to another bacteria

the F' is involved in bacterial gene transfer

The bacteria receiving the gene becom Merozygotes (having 2 copies of same gene)

Gene deletion is always bad because

It causes imbalance in the amount of gene product

It can cause Pseudo Dominance

It can cause Haplodeficiency

___ can cause genes to move from one linkage group to another

translocations

The inheritance of both chromosomes from the same parent is a condition called ___

uniparental disomy

When an organism gains or loses one or more chromosome but not a complete haploid set, the condition is known as,

aneuploidy

The condition known as cri-du-chat syndrome in humans has a genetic constitution designated as

46, 5p-

Robertsonian translocation

is due to exchange of a short arm of one chromosome with the long arm of another one

is responsible for the formation of the long chromosome 2 in humans

Aneuploidy

Monosomy

Trisomy

Tetrasomy

Nullisomy

A genomic condition which may be responsible for some forms of fragile X syndrome as well as Huntingtons disease involve

various lengths of trinucleotide repeats

Recently, a gene located on chromosome 3 in humans, FHIT has been shown to be associated with the significant human malady known as

Cancer

If a DNA molecule is 30% Cytosine(C), what is the percent Guanine (G)?

30%

If a DNA molecule of 50 base pairs contains 15 cytosine bases (C), how many thymine bases will it have?

The basic structure of a nucleotide includes

base, sugar, phosphate

The classic Hershe and Chase (52') experiment which offered evidence in support of DNA being genetic material in bacteriophage used what components?

Phosphorus and Sulfur

Reverse Transcriptase is an enzyme found in association with retroviral activity. It has the property of

synthesis of DNA from an RNA template

What are the two major components of the Tobacco Mosaic Virus?

RNA and Protein

Considering the structure of double stranded DNA, what kinds of bonds hold one complementary strand to the other?

Hydrogen

Transcriptionally active genes are sensitive to ___ indicating that chromatin structure is ___ during transcription

DNAase

Exposed

Transposition can involve exchange of DNA sequences and recombination, which often leads to DNA___

rearrangements

For a chromosome to be functioning it must have the following elements:

a centromer

2 telomer

at least some few genes

origin of replication

The enzyme telomerase involves in

synthesis of telomers

What DNA class codes for protein?

Unique sequence DNA

Fossil DNA

is found in humans

is a non-functioning DNA sequence

Transposable elements have some shared characteristics

all have flanking direct repeat on their 2 ends

most have terminal inverted repeat

all have transposase

E.Coli DNA polymerases

Can synthesize any sequence specified by a template strand

Require a primer to initiate Synthesis

Used dNTPs to synthesize new DNA

Produce newly synthesized strands that are complementary and antiparallel to the template strand

Synthesize in the 5' --> 3' direction by adding nucleotides to a 3'-OH group

The Holliday model refers to ___ and involves ___

Branch Migration

Homologous Recombination

Requirements for DNA Replication

Single Strand DNA or template

raw materials (dNTPs)

DNA-polymerase

What do initiation proteins do?

bind to replication origin and cause a short section of DNA to unwind

Considering the initiation of transcription one often finds consensus sequences located in the region of DNA where RNA polymerase bind. Common CS?

CAAT

TATA

What is the name given to the three bases in a messenger RNA which bind to the anticodon of tRNA to specify an amino acid placement in a protein?

codon

The Genetic code is fairly consistent among all organisms. The term often used to such sonsistency in the code is

Universal

Split Genes

Introns and Exons

About this deck

By: Cara DS
Textbook: Genetics
Created: 2011-06-25
Size: 58 flashcards
Views: 72

About StudyBlue

“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis