Genetics review
Biology 340 with Steele at Arizona State University - Tempe
About this deck
By: Rini Parekh
Textbook:
Genetics: Analysis and Principles
Created: 2009-12-03
Size: 30 flashcards
Views: 54
Textbook:
Genetics: Analysis and PrinciplesCreated: 2009-12-03
Size: 30 flashcards
Views: 54
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Nonsense Mutation
Nucleotide-pair substitution within a protein-coding region that changes a codon for an amino acid into a termination (nonsense) codon.
Negative Control
Regulation mediated by factors that block or turn off transcription.
Acentric chromosome
A chromosome having no centromere.
Active site
Part of a protein that must be maintained in a specific shape if the protein is to be functional-- for example, in an enzyme, the part to which the substrate binds.
Allosteric site
A site on a protein to which a small molecule binds causing a change in the conformation of the protein that modifies the activity of its active site.
Amino acid
a polypeptide; the basic building block of proteins (or polypeptides).
Amino end
the end of a protein having a free amino group. A protein is synthesized from the amino end at the 5' end of an mRNA to the carboxyl end near the 3' of the mRNA during translation
Autopolyploid
a polyploid formed during the doubling of a single genome.
Barr body
a densely staining mass that represents an inactivate X chromosome
Carboxyl end
the end of a protein having a free carboxyl group. The carboxyl end is encoded by the 3' end of the mRNA and is the last part of the protein to be synthesized in translation
Catabolite activator protein
a protein that unites with cAMP at low glucose concentrations and binds to the lac promoter to facilitate RNA polymerase action.
Cis conformation
In a heterozygote having two mutant sites within a gene, the arrangement is A1A2/a1a2.
Auxotroph
a strain of microorganisms that will proliferate only when the medium is supplemented with a specific substance not required by wild-type organisms.
Codominance
A situation in which a heterozygote shows the phenotypic effects of both alleles equally.
cDNA (complementary DNA)
Synthetic DNA transcribed from a specific RNA through the action of the enzyme reverse transcriptase.
Conjugation
the union of two bacterial cells during which chromosomal material is transferred from the donor to the recipient cell.
Conservative substitution
nucleotide-pair substitution within a protein-coding region that leads to the replacement of an amino acid by one of similar chemical properties.
Conservative transposition
A mechanism of transposition that moves a mobile element to a new location in the genome as it removes itself from the previous location.
Constitutive chromatin
Chromosomal regions of permanently condensed chromatin usually around telomeres and centromeres
Enhanceosome
the macromolecular assembly responsible for interaction between the enhancer elements and the promoter regions of genes.
Upstream
Refers to a DNA or RNA sequence that is located on the 5' side of a point of reference.
Transgene
A gene that has been modified by externally applied recombinant DNA techniques and reintroduced into the genome by germ-line transformation.
Transcription factor
A protein that binds o a cis-acting regulatory element (e.g., an enhancer) and thereby, directly or indirecty affects the initiation of transcription.
Transversion
A type of nucleotide-pair substitution in which a pyrimidine replaces a purine or vice-versa-- G-C to T-A
Translocation
The relocation of of a chromosomal segment to a different position in the genome
Transposable element
any genetic unit that can insert into a chromosome, excise, and reinsert elsewhere; includes insertion sequences and transposons.
Shotgun technique
The cloning of a large number of different DNA fragments as a prelude to selecting one particular clone type for intensive study.
Shine-Dalgarno sequence
a short sequence in bacterial RNA that precedes the initiation AUG codon and serves to correctly position this codon in the P site of the ribosome by pairing eith the 3' end of the 16S RNA in the 30S ribosomal subunit.
Sigma factor
A bacterial protein that, as a part of the RNA polymerase holoenzyme, recognizes the -10 and -35 regions of bacterial promoters, thus positioning the holoenzyme to initiate transcription correctly at the start site. The sigma factor dissociate from the holoenzyme before RNA synthesis.
Promoter
A regulator region that is a short distance from the 5' end of a gene and acts as the binding site for RNA polymerase.
About this deck
By: Rini Parekh
Textbook: Genetics: Analysis and Principles
Created: 2009-12-03
Size: 30 flashcards
Views: 54
Textbook:
Genetics: Analysis and PrinciplesCreated: 2009-12-03
Size: 30 flashcards
Views: 54
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have been getting MUCH better grades on all my tests for school. Flash cards, notes, and quizzes are great on here. Thanks!”
Kathy
Kathy