GeogQuiz2.doc

Quiz 2 Which of these BEST describes how geographers think of a region? An area with more or less definable boundaries, distinct on the basis of cultural landscape or economic or political features ? but it is not necessarily exactly the same throughout the area, and the boundaries may be contested To what region does Milwaukee belong? The Midwest The Great Lakes Southeastern Wisconsin Which of these does the BEST job of using the concept of imaginative geographies with respect to Milwaukee? Some imaginative geographies are in conflict with others (Milwaukee as crime-ridden vs. Milwaukee as green city) and for each imaginative geography, there are some people who might benefit from promoting it and others who might not benefit or might even be negatively stereotyped by it. What is the scale of a region? Neither supranational or subnational; it can be smaller or larger than a nation-state, depending on what characteristics and connections make a region There are several processes that have contributed a great deal to the current round of globalization. Which of these is NOT one of the most important contributors? An international pool of executives, managers, and workers Global technologies, including telecommunications and containerization International financial institutions The internationalization of banking and finance (ANSWER:) International elections observers who certify that elections are fair Which of the following is an example of a transnational corporation? (ANSWER:) IBM IMF The U.S. Postal Service The Internet Which of the following are international financial institutions? Microsoft and Apple NAFTA and FTAA (ANSWER:) The World Bank and the IMF The UN and ILO Advocates of neoliberal (economic) globalization would argue that Countries like Singapore, Thailand and Chile have opened their economies to global markets and free trade prospered and reduced poverty Which of these statements would the advocates of neoliberal globalization would agree with? Sweatshops may not be great, but they are a better option than the locally available jobs in many places Which of these is an argument made by ?hyperglobalist? advocates of neoliberal economic globalization? Globalization will erase economic differences between countries, making the world ?flat? The world is becoming ?borderless? because global financial flows are more powerful than national governments There are no national economies any longer because all countries? economies are affected by globalization Which of these arguments is made by people who are skeptical or critical of the claims of the hyperglobalists? Globalization is more harmful than beneficial to most people in the world Globalization isn?t really ?global? it?s just more international agreements Globalization is propaganda, countries should look after their own interests The UN has gathered research on economic globalization. What does this research suggest about the effects of globalization on income equality? Globalization often leads to increased income inequality within countries (rich getting richer, poor getting poorer) When did globalization begin? What we call globalization today (relatively integrated international production and markets, working together in real time) took off in the 1970s but has roots in earlier phases of empires and colonization Which of these does not reflect a geographic perspective of globalization? Globalization is not real; there is no such thing as the global scale Which of these is true about neoliberalism and development? Neoliberal policies include privatization of government services and industries, production for export, removing tariffs on importants and allowing transnational corporations to operate Which of these is not a correct match of ?economic sector/activities? name and type of activities? Primary sector ? production of national resources (logging, mining, fishing, farming) Secondary sector ? manufacturing (steelmaking, auto production, textile factories, food processing) Tertiary sector ? related to exchange of goods and services (retail, warehousing, personal services, accounting, legal services, entertainment) (ANSWER:) Quaternary sector ? related to high level science (genetic engineering, medical technology, pharmaceuticals) Which of these statistical measures is the BEST way to compare countries? levels of economic development and standards of living? Purchasing Power Parody What does the map on pg. 24 in the text suggeste about globalization and how telecommunications is re-shaping connectivity in the world? The Internet, like globalization, is uneven in terms of who has access and therefore who can benefit from it Which of these BEST describes what is meant by globalization creating ?cultural gaps?? There is an emerging global consumer culture, but it is not affordable to all. There are increasing cultural differences between those who can afford global material cultural products and marginalized people who cannot afford them. What is regionalization? How geographers, and others, classify parts of the world into regions Quiz 3 Why are we calling the region including most of South and Central America, plus Mexico and the Caribbean countries, ?Latin America and the Caribbean?? All of the above Which of these is a legacy of European colonialism in Latin America? The first terraforming agricultueral system called chinampa which made agriculture in wetland and even lake environments The first significant round of latin American rainforest deforestation; clearing forests for agriculture using slash and burn (swidden) agriculture The first techniques of plant domestication in latin America, including earliest crops of tomatoes, peppers, tobacco, cacao and vanilla The first system of plantation agriculture in latin America, leading to a pattern of primary export dependency Which of these is a climate effect resulting from the interactions of wind patterns (e.g. the trade winds and/or the westerlies) and the Andes mountains? The rainshadow that creats the dry region in argentina called patagonia Which of these has NOT been a cause of deforestation in the tropical forests of the Amazon Basin? Brazilian government policy in 70s encouraging farmers to clear forest since land is not very fertile Global demand for soybeans today encouraging large soy bean farming in Amazon The recent rubber tappers? movement planted too many rubber trees; their monoculture forest areas were devastated by a fungus called the South American Leaf Blight Large landholders in the 70s cleared forests to create ranches Which of these has been Costa Rica?s main source of foreign income since 1995? Bioprospecting Payments for environmental services The Green Revolution ecotourism Which of these BEST describes land tenure under Spanish colonialism in Latin America? The Spanish crown granted latifundia to military leaders and the Catholic Church; these latifundia often became plantations worked by forced labor The Spanish crown allotted inifundias to all indigenous people who converted to Catholicism; eventually tehse small farms were consolidated into large haciendas to grow food for farm workers and miners The Spanish claimed all the land for the Spanish crown, but allowed indigenous people to farm the land collectively? The Spanish took control of all land with mineral deposits leaving the rest to the indigenous peoples Demographic collapse refers to The deaths of 75% of indigenous people from diseases brough from Europeans The deaths of 75% of ingidienous peoples, mostly from crop losses in the Columbian Exchange The drop in fertility rates in LA that accompanied urbanization The drop in fertility rates in LA due to environmental problems in squatter settlements Which of these is NOT true regarding the production of sugar in Latin America? Sugar plantations in LA and C were primary destination for African slaves in the New World The sugar economy produced highly divided societies with wide gaps between the owners and workers New interest has been shown in the use of sugarcane to produce ethanol as althenative to fossil fuels such as oil Economies where sugar is the main export crop are rarly affected by great changes in marked demand or price, allowing local farmes to have more stable income Which of these is TRUE of the dependency school of economic development theory? It recommends that developling countries shouls eek loans in order to move from only primary production to secondary or tertiary Recommends developing countries focus on producing own goods and services instead of buying them from foreign countries Recommends structural adjustment policies which include privatization of state-owned industries, production for export and pressuring unions to reduce wages Recommends deregulation especially reducing tariffs on imports and loosening environmental and health/safety regulations Which of these is NOT a neoliberal policy? FDI Research has found that NAFTA has resulted in some job creation in Mexico; however, NAFTA has also created problems, such as All of the above What are favelas (the Brazilian term) or barrios (Mexican term)? Informal or irregular settlements on the outskirts of cities where migrants to the city have built their own homes Migrant workers, receiving temportary work permits to travel to work Money sent home by ppeople working in other countries Special industrial zones often on the outskirts of cities or along national borders in which products can be manufactured free from customs duties Which is true of urban primacy? Occurs when a country?s capital city has a population of over ten million such as Sao Paulo in Brazil Occurs when the largest city in a country has a disproportionaltely high prop. And share of economing development, concentrating too many national resources into one urban center as in Lima, Peru Occurs when a city?s form includes central, primary downtown plaza, elite neighborhoods near downtown and industrial development and squatter settlements in the periphery (periferico) such as Mexico City Refers to an ecological city designed to accommodate wildlife, especially endangered primates as in San Jose, Costa Rich Which of these is TRUE of syncretic religious practices? Combine elements of different religious traditions Examples include Santeria in Cuba, Voodoo in Haiti and cCandmble in Brazil Syncretic relgions developed in LA and the C after colonialism brough Catholic missionaries and enslaved Africans to America All of the above Which of these indigenous languages is NOT spoken in Bolivia? Aymara Quechua Guarani Zapotec Which of these was a provision of the 1903 Hay/Bunau-Varilla Treaty between Panama and the U.S.? Panama conceded rights to the US in the Panama Canal Zone ?as if it were sovereign? including the right to build a canal The US could administer and defend the Canal Zone and collect income from canal tolls for fifty years (until 1953) The US and Panama would jointly administer the canal thorugh the US-Panamanian Canal Commission until 1999 None of the above, there is no treaty Which of these policies or ideas has justified US military intervention in Latin America for over a century? The Monroe Doctrine Liberation Theology F.D.R?s Good Neighbor Policy The Treaty of Tordesillas Governments in Latin America have a bias in favor of ____ regions by providing more services and investments to these specific areas. Urban Rural Coastal Export-producing Which of these BEST describes current political trends in Latin America and the Caribbean? Socialist revolutions are installing goverments that pursue land reform and nationalize industries Most countries are ruled by military goverments which are barely maintaining public order because of the turmoil of guerilla movemtns and natural disasters Most LA countries have ?racial democracies? in which peoples of European, African and/or indigenous ancestry, as well as mestizos, have equal political and economic power There has been a shift to more democratic goverments, in which reform-seeking indigenous or anti-neoliberal social movements have often elected left-leaning political leaders In which country are the glaciers on the volcanoes Pronacota and Pomerata shrinking? Refer to map. 10 What is El Nino and where does it come from and use same map. A periodic warming of ocean surface temperatures off the coast of 9 Which of these countries does NOT have major oil reserves? 11 (Paraguay) These countries contain the world?s coca-growing regions 1, 3, 5 6, 7, 8 7, 9, 10 11, 14, 15 In which country has the Landless Worker?s Movement been active since 1985? 3 6 12 14 Which of these countries is experiencing a growth in tourism from Europe in its capital, growth that has lead to renovation of colonial architecture and new hotels and stores that take payment in US dollars? 2 3 8 12 On map: 1 Mexico 2 Cuba 3 El Salvador 4 Honduras 5 Panama 6 Ecuador 7 Colombia 8 Venezuela 9 Peru 10 Bolivia 11 Paraguay 12 Brazil 13 Chile 14 Argentina 15 Uruguay