GeogQuiz5.doc

The boundaries of the region of ?the Middle East and North Africa? (MENA) are difficult to define because Part of one country in the region (turkey) is actually attached to the continent of Europe, some African countries are ?transnational? ? they share cultural characteristics and geopolitical links with Egype and Saudi Arabia but also with Sub-Saharan African countries. Which of these BEST describes one way the people of MENA region have responded to the region?s arid climate? Most of the population lives along coasts or rivers Most of the population are nomadic herders who follow the rains Most of the population live in the highlands, such as the Atlas Mountains, which are more temperate. None of the above; the region is not arid. Which of these correctly describes the wastershed of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers? It drains much of Ethiopia, Sudan and Egypt. It drains Jordan, Lebanon and Israel. It drains the Anatolian Plateau of Turkey, parts of Syria, Iraq and Iran It drains parts of Algeria and Morocco, east of Atlas Mountains. What is the name for an area created when land erosion and a high water table have allowed some of the water to percolate to the surface? Qanat -- NOT Oasis Foggara --NOT Alluvium -- WRONG Which of these was NOT a factor in Babylon?s success as an empire (in that it lasted approximately 4000 years)? Irrigation and control of regional agricultural production Organization of religious and symbolic and political control -- WRONG Extensive military strength, including fortified, walled city center Domestication of the horse CORRECT Which of these world religions, all of which originated in the MENA region, is the oldest? Judaism -- CORRECT Islam -- WRONG Druze Christianity Which of these is TRUE of the relationship of the Crusades and the European Renaissance? The Crusades military experience were a reaction to the Renaissance; concerned about the spread of new ideas, European kings and clergy started the Crusades to distract Europeans from Renaissance ideas. European crusaders brought new ideas in art, architecture, the sciences, and literature back to Europe and these ideas helped spark the Renaissance. The Crusades involved the Islamic Caliphate conquering large parts of Europe; they delayed the Renaissance by three centuries. None of the above. Which of these did NOT contribute to the fall of the Ottoman Empire? Weakening of territorial power in the Arabian Peninsula due to invasion by the Persian Empire. The introduction of European ideas regarding democracy (rule by people) and the resulting nationalist movements Occupation of the edges of its territory by Britain and France by 1900 Defeat by Allied powers by the end of WWI Which of these CORRECTLY describes the mandate system? It was established during the Roman Empire to organize the trade relations around the Mediterranean and Middle East into relationships with city-states. It was established under the Byzantine Empire and divided up the MENA region into provinces whose people were to be converted to Christianity by the provincial clergy It was established under the Ottoman Empire and it granted some autonomy to local religious communities whose leaders reported to the Ottoman ruler -- WRONG It was established by Europe at the end of WWI to determine which European countries would govern which formerly Ottoman territories. What was the Belfour Declaration? A proclamation by US President Woodrow Wilson that challenged Britain and France to see their colonies in the MENA region free A 1917 British mandate that required the establishment of a Jewish homeland A declaration of independence from European control by Egypt, Iraq, Syria and Palestine issued just after WWI An agreement between Britain, France and Italy to divide Turkey, Libya, Algeria, Tunisia and Morocca up among themselves as colonies in the 1920s What economic development strategy was adopted by many MENA states (including Turkey, Iran, Egypt, Syria and Iraq) just after WWII? Neoliberalization Nationalization Privatization Regulation of informal economy What organization was created by the major MENA oil-exporting countries in response to foreign-based transnational corporations? control of the petroleum industry? The International Energy Agency (IEA) Standard oil The Suez Consortium (SuCo) The organization of Petroleum Exporting countries (OPEC) Which of these is TRUE of economic inequalities in the MENA region? States with the largest populations usually rely on their oil income to fund social services and thereby decrease income inequality The region is not being severely affected by the 2008 financial crisis and its aftermath because demand for oil and crude oil prices have remained high Most MENA states have adopted agricultural policies that ensure ecologically sound farming methods, support rural peasant farmers, and guarantee production of sufficient food for their populations. -- WRONG Migrant workers brought into oil-producing states earn higher wages than in their home countries but have much lower standards of living than citizens of oil countries Why is the situation of internally displaced persons (IDPs) worse than that of refugees? Refugees have crossed an international boundary and therefore qualify for UN protection; IDPs must rely on their own governments for protection and assistance but their own governments may be responsible for their problems There are far more IDPs than refugees in the region, and unlike refugees, IDPs cannot return to their home towns or villages so MENA countries are running out of resources to support the IDPs It depends on which country and their access to aid from international non-governmental organizations like the Red Cross; for example, IDPs are worse off in Gaza and Sudan but refugees are worse off in Iraq and Iran None of the above; refugees are worse off than IDPs because refugees have fled their countries and are further from the cultures and lands they know. Which of these is a push factor in migration in the MENA area? The oil economy Political instability and civil unrest Too few economic opportunities Both political instability and lack of economic opportunities Which of these ethnic groups is NOT a diasporic population? The Saudis The Palestinians The Kurds -- WRONG The Lebanese What is Islamism? A religion revering the prophet Muhammad, with the Koran as its sacred text A religious movement calling for a return to traditional practice among Muslims, especially the practices of giving alms to the poor and making the pilgrimage to Makkah (Mecca) A religious movement urging Muslims to reject global popular culture A social movement calling for all oil-producing countries in the region to donate money to religious schools Which is NOT true of Islam? The major branches of Islam are Sunni and Shia which developed after disagreement among Muhammed?s followers over whom was to succeed. The most important sources of Islamic practice and belief are the sacred text known as the Koran and the traditions derived from the life of the prophet Muhammed known as the Sunna The word ?Islam? means submission to Allah The five pillars of Islam are the profession of faith, praying towards Medina five times a day, giving money to build a mosque, fasting during Ramadan and making a pilgrimage to Medina. This country of the Maghreb earns nearly 90% of its export revenue from oil industry income. 2 (Morocco) 3 (Algeria) 6 (Egypt) -- WRONG (ARE MY COUNTRIES CORRECT HERE???) 8 (Turkey) This country was the site of massive protests in 2009; hundreds of people demonstrated to protest what they saw as rigged election that gave President Ahmedinejad another term. 6 (Egypt) 8 (Turkey) 12 (Iraq) 19 (Iran) This country was an ally of the US in the 1980s but was bombed by the US in 2003 on the pretext that it was amassing ?weapons of mass destruction? 5 (Libya) 12 (Iraq) 13 (Saudi Arabia) 20 (Afganistan) IRAQ There are over one million people who have been internally displaced in this country because of attacks on their villages by militias who call themselves the Janjaweed. 1 (Western Sahara) 3 (Algeria) 7 (Sudan) 14 (Yemen) This country is the only country in MENA that is a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) 2 (Morocco) 4 (Tunisia) 8 (Turkey) 10 (Syria) This country has the highest GDP per capita in MENA; its major cities Doha and Dubai have expanding tourism economies. 15 16 17 18 QATAR This country has been in conflict with its neighbors since its creation in 1948, and it is currently building a security fence to protect its citizens from terrorist attacks. But minorities in the country call it ?the apartheid wall? and say it is a way to ?grab land? as well as rights to aquifers beneath walled-in lands. 9 11 14 18 ISRAEL