GI and Pancreas
Clinical Laboratory Science Mmbio 423 with Zundel at Brigham Young University
About this deck
By: Jason Thomas
Textbook:
Clinical Laboratory Chemistry
Created: 2011-12-01
Size: 53 flashcards
Views: 1
Textbook:
Clinical Laboratory ChemistryCreated: 2011-12-01
Size: 53 flashcards
Views: 1
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What are the organs of the digestive system?
Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines
What are the accessory organs of the digestive system?
Pancreas and liver
What is the purpose of the accessory organs of the digestive system?
- To secrete enzymes (chemical breakdown of food)
- To secrete hormones (regulate motor and secretory activity)
What are the four regions of the stomach?
Cardiac, fundus, body (corpus), and pylorus
What is the function of the cardiac region of the stomach?
Produce a mucus rich secretion
What is the function of the fundus and body of the stomach?
Glands contain the chief and parietal cells
What is the function of the pylorus of the stomach?
Glands produce gastrin and mucus
What is produced by the parietal cells of the stomach?
HCl
What is produced by the chief cells of the stomach?
Pepsinogen
What is produced by the G cells of the stomach?
Gastrin
How does HCl act on pepsinogen?
Pepsinogen is cleaved to pepsin by HCl
What is the action of pepsin?
Helps to digest protein by splitting peptide bonds
What stimulates the secretion of mucus in the stomach?
Physical stimulation by food
What is the purpose of mucus in the stomach?
To protect mucosal epithelium from mechanical damage during passage of food
What are the concentrations of electrolytes in the stomach relative to serum?
- K, Cl, and H concentrations are greater than in the serum
- Na concentration is lower than in the serum
What is the function of gastrin?
It is a hormone that stimulates the release of gastric juice
What are the three forms of gastrin?
Big, little and mini
How many amino acids does each form of gastrin have respectively?
34, 17, 14
What is the most abundant form of gastrin in the blood?
Big gastrin
What is the most abundant form of gastrin in the G cells?
Little gastrin
What three things stimulate gastrin secretion in the stomach?
- Stomach distension
- Secretagogues
- Vagus nerve
How wide and how long is the small intestine?
- 1 inch diameter
- 20 feet long
What is the primary function of the small intestine?
Selective absorption of nutrients and water
What is secreted in the small intestine?
Enterokinase
What is the function of enterokinase?
Activates the pancreatic hormones
What are the two structures of GI hormones?
- Identical 5 carboxy-terminal amino acids (gastrin, CCK)
- Homologous peptides (secretin, VIP, GIP, glucagons)
What is the function of CCK?
Cholecystokinin - stimulates the pancreatic enzyme secretion and gallbladder contraction
What stimulates the release of CCK from the mucosa?
Presence of fatty acids or partially digested proteins
In which cells is CCK found?
Cells in the duodenum and jejunum
What is the main cause of pain from gall stones?
CCK - because it stimulates gall bladder contraction
What is the function of secretin?
Stimulates pancreatic secretion of water, bicarbonate, and enzymes (amylase, lipase)
In which cells is secretin found?
S cells of duodenum and jejunum
What stimulates the release of secretin?
Acid
What is another name for gastric inhibitory peptide?
Enterogasterone
Where is enterogasterone found?
In the duodenum and jejunum
What stimulates the release of enterogasterone?
Fat, glucose, amino acids
What is the function of enterogasterone?
- Causes water and electrolyte absorption
- Stimulates insulin release
- Inhibits gastric secretion and motility
What type of feedback mechanism is enterogasterone involved in?
Negative feedback
What is VIP?
Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide - a glucagon-like and secretin-like protein
What is the function of VIP?
Causes an alkaline juice flow from the pancreas
What is VIP associated with?
Watery Diarrhea Syndrome
Where is glucagon produced?
By the alpha cells of the pancreas
What is the function of glucagon?
Stimulates conversion of glycogen to glucose
What is a gastric analysis?
- It implies measurement of total acid output
- Detects blood or lactic acid
What are three reasons for performing a gastric analysis?
- To see if gastric acid secretion is actually happening
- Measure amount of acid produced
- Total gastric acid
Why would it be necessary to check if gastric acid is being produced?
Megaloblastic anemia can result in anacidity
What is the condition of hypersecretion of gastric acid called?
ZE syndrome
What is the basal acid output?
Total acidity in gastric residue in the fasting state
What is the procedure for gastric analysis?
- 12 hour fast
- 4 samples (every 15 minutes)
- Stimulant (pentagastrin or alcohol)
- 4 samples (every 15 minutes) after stimulation
- Measure volume and pH
How is gastric acid titrated?
With 0.1 NaOH and phenolphthalein
What is the formula for titrating gastric acid?
- Volume NaOH x Volume of specimen x Moles of NaOH
- Divided by volume of fluid titrated
- Times 1000 mEq/mole
What is the normal volume of gastric acid?
20 - 100 mL
What is the normal pH of gastric acid?
Less than 3.0
About this deck
By: Jason Thomas
Textbook: Clinical Laboratory Chemistry
Created: 2011-12-01
Size: 53 flashcards
Views: 1
Textbook:
Clinical Laboratory ChemistryCreated: 2011-12-01
Size: 53 flashcards
Views: 1
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have used this website for three exams, and I see a huge difference in my test results.”
Naj
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