- StudyBlue
- Ohio
- Miami University of Ohio
- Gerontology
- Gerontology 456
- Groger
- GTY 318 Exam 1
GTY 318 Exam 1
Gerontology 456 with Groger at Miami University of Ohio
About this deck
By: Nkechi Iloka
Created: 2012-02-20
Size: 56 flashcards
Views: 6
Created: 2012-02-20
Size: 56 flashcards
Views: 6
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Social Construction
When the definition of a thing changes over time
EX of sociall constructed concepts gender roles, homosexuality, the term "old"
Social Construction of Reality
The process by which people creatively shape reality through social interaction.
Sociological Imagination
Seeing Pricate issues as a function of larger social forces.
Individual experence within the context of our larger social structure.
Population Pyramids
A Special type of bar graph, with the varios bars representing sucessive age categories from the lowest at the bottom to the highest at the top. (Broken down in 5 to 10 year a age intervals/ males at the left and females at the right)
Negative about a Baby Boomer generation?
Not enough people paying into the system of social security benefits for the huge population benefits and these older individuals live longer and are in need of social security benefits longer
Triangle Shaped Population Pyramid
High fertility/ Low Mortality
Diamond Shaped Population Pyramid
Fertility Falls
Ex: the 1 Child Policy Rule in China
Rectangle or Inverted Triangle
Death Rates low
Demographic Transition Theory
3-staged Process whereby a population moves from HIGH fertility and HIGH mortality to LOWER fertility and LOW mortality
Stage 1
High fertility and mortality
Stage 2
High Fertility but falling mortality
Stage 3
Fertility has fallen, LOW fertility and, LOW mortality
Total Fertility Rate
Number of Children a woman can be expected to have during her lifetime if current trends continue continue
Replacement Level Fertility = 2.1
Fertility in the US
Fertility Peaked in 1958 at 3.17 Children per woman
Baby Boomers
The large group born soon after WWII (1946-1964)
After Baby Bust fertility hit an average of 1.7
Dependency Ratio
Young Children and older adults are supported by society.
Old Age Dependency Ratio
The number of individuals aged 65 + divided by the number of individuals aged 18-64
Aging Index
- The number of older adults (65 +) per 100 children (<14
- Aging Index of 120 would mean 120 older adults for every 100 children
Aging Index by 2030
The aging index is expected to exceed 100 for all developed countries/ The aging index of several European countries and Japan is ecpevted to be over 100
Pre 1850s
- Age didnt play a big role in American Society
- Age was more biological than social
- Intergenerational relationships were normal
Growth Age Grading (1860-1900)
- Change in Medication and education
- Established Pediatric Medicine
- Legal Changes
- Youth Seen In a very different way
- Peer Society Emerges
- Increase in age segregation, gravitates towards pepole of the same age
The Culture of Aging (1900-1935)
Happy Birthday Song 1934
Birthday Celebrations now, birthdays weren't celebrated in earlier societies.
Life Course
The life-long interaction between historical events, personal decisions, and place in the social structure (which influences individual opportunity)
What is human development dependent off of?
- Place in the Social System-- relationships, education level, socio-economic status
- Historical Period in which you live
- Uniqueness of biography
Development through life course
- Multi-dimensional: Biologically, socially, physically
- Multispherical: DIfferent spheres- family, work and how these are each linked
- Multidirectional: Gains and Losses in Direction
- Lifelong
Life Course Trajectory
A series of life course transitions
Now, life course trajectories vary and are not totally predictable. Including: Transitions, nestleaving, and nestcrashing
Age Grading Norms
Norms- rules and expectations by which society guides its members' behavior
Age Norms- informed rules which specify age appropriate roles and behaviors.
The Life Course
Timing
Sequencing
Spacing
Density
Duraition
Timing
It matters when certain situations occur and how it impacts you.
Sequencing
The order in which these things happen
Duration
It makes how long these things happen. The number of years spent in each phase of the life course.
Agency
Our own individual actions, our ability to choose
Structure
- The broader social constraints. These are related because social structure constrains your ability to practice agency
- Agency is most salient, because...
Cumulative Disadvantage Theory
People who begin life with greater resources continue to accumulate opportunities while those who begin with few resources fall further behind
Activity Theory
As you age you may have to give up some activities and replace them with others
Disengagement Theory
As you age you become disengaged from society, in preparation of death
Continuity Theory
continuing activities from early life . Any interaction that happens in society is predicated on you maximizing
Exchange Theory
As people get older, there is a lot less that they can give
Education Theory
With age comes wisdom
Stages of Research
1. Select topic
2. Establish a research question
3. Review the literature
4. Form a hypothesis
5. Choose a research method
6. Collect the Data
7. Analyze the results
8. Share the results
Hypothesis
Statement about what you expect to find based on theory
Quantitative Method
Emphasize measurement, numbers, statistics
Qualitative Method
Emphasize, describing, observing, and interpreting behavior
Examples of different research methods
participant observation and ethnography
existing documents
experiments
surveys and secondary analysis
interviews
Variable
A concept whose value changes from case-to-case
Independent variable (x)
The variable causing the effect
Dependent Variable (y)
The outcome variable, the variable that will be affected
Established Causality
1. Correlation (positive/negative)
2. Temporal Ordering (Independent variable comes before dependent variable)
3. That the relationship is not spurious (possible 3rd variable)
Cross-Sectional Study
Carried out at once. Its very good at finding the correlation, and bad at finding causality.
Longitudinal Study/ Panel Study
Repeated contacts with the same respondents over a period of time
Example of Age Effect
Blood vessels tend to be less elastic as we get older, health issues, wrinkles, hair graying are all age effects
Example of Cohort Effect
A study asking about the acceptance of interracial marriage from 1 to 5 down south. The older people grew up with segregation where racial acceptance was much more conservative
Example of period effect
An event that happens to an entire society or age group, Great Depression. (Logitudinal Study)
Sociological Imagination
Seeing a personal problem as a function of public issues. Seeing an individual's situation as being influenced by broader social structures.
About this deck
By: Nkechi Iloka
Created: 2012-02-20
Size: 56 flashcards
Views: 6
Created: 2012-02-20
Size: 56 flashcards
Views: 6
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have used this website for three exams, and I see a huge difference in my test results.”
Naj
Naj