Hesiod     

StudyBlue printing of Hesiod      html, body, div, span, applet, object, iframe, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, blockquote, pre, a, abbr, acronym, address, big, cite, code, del, dfn, em, font, img, ins, kbd, q, s, samp, small, strike, strong, sub, sup, tt, var, b, u, i, center, fieldset, form, label, legend, table, caption, tbody, tfoot, thead, tr, th, td { margin: 0; padding: 0; border: 0; outline: 0; font-size: 100%; background: transparent; } body { line-height: 1; } blockquote, q { quotes: none; } blockquote:before, blockquote:after, q:before, q:after { content: ''; content: none; } /* remember to define focus styles! */ :focus { outline: 0; } /* remember to highlight inserts somehow! */ ins { text-decoration: none; } del { text-decoration: line-through; } /* tables still need 'cellspacing="0"' in the markup */ table { border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0; } /* end RESET */ .header { min-width:800px; } .logo { padding:6px 20px 2px 20px; margin:0; font-size:25px; font-weight:bold; 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-moz-border-radius: 5px; -webkit-border-radius: 5px; } .print-button a:hover { background-color:black; } .theNote .content { width: 8.0in !important; margin: 5px auto; padding:20px; background-color:white; } .theNote .header { border-bottom: 1px dashed #C8C8C8; font-size: 17px; padding: 0 0 10px; line-height: 19px; color: #00ADE1; min-width:500px; } .theNote .body { font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px; padding: 10px 0; } .theNote{ padding:6px 0; clear:both; background-color: rgb(200,200,200); } .theNote h3{ color: rgb(100,100,100); } .theNote h1, .theNote h3{ background-color:white; padding:2px 20px; width:8.0in !important; margin: 0 auto; font-size: 15px; } .theNote h1{ padding-top: 10px; font-size: 15px; } .theNote h1:first-child{ font-size: 20px; } .theNote h3 { font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal; } #options { border: 3px double #ccc; padding: 5px 12px; margin: 10px 50px 10px 20px; float: left; } #info { border-top: 1px solid #ccc; padding-top: 5px; font-style: italic; } li { margin: 5px 10px 5px 25px; } ul li { list-style: disc; } ol li { list-style: decimal; } img { border: 0; } table { clear: both; width: 100%; border: 1px solid #c5c5c5; border-width: 1px 0; margin: 0; page-break-after: always; } table#page { page-break-after: auto; } td { text-align: center; font-size: 12px; border-bottom: 1px dashed #c5c5c5; height: 1.75in; width: 50%; padding-left: 15px; } .leftside { border-right: 1px solid #cccccc; padding: 0 15px 0 0; } .bottom td { border-bottom: none; } .clearfix { clear:both; line-height:1px; height:1px; } img { max-width:80%; max-height:150px; margin:20px; } @media print {.header { display: none; } .content .header{ display:inherit; } table { border: 1px dashed #bbb; border-width: 1px 0; } .theNote{ background-color:white; } } Theogony Origin of the Gods Hesiod, from Ascra in Boeotia (Hesiod and Homer gave the Greeks their Gods) Farmer/Herdsman Wrote didactic epic ca. 725 BCE claims to have been inspired by the Muses (patron goddesses of the arts) with an invocation to whom the Theogony opens saying that he is channeling the information from the Muses, that the stories are not his, the Gods gave him the stories Didactic epic- Instructive Theogony/Cosmogony (religion and gods as means to explain the inexplicable) Chaos (Void) Deities appear to be elements at first, and then start to develop human emotion and feelings Chaos means a void- a big nothingness then Gaia (Earth) and also Eros (desire); then Erebos (Darkness) and Nyx (Night) Gaia produced Ouranos (sky) Gaia and Ouranos produce: Titans (6 daughters and 6 sons Included Okeanos Rhea Themis (justice Mnemosyne (Memory) Kronos 3 Cyclopes- Hideous one-eyed creatures 3 Hekatoncheires- Even more hideous than the cyclopes Ouranos crams the 6 ugly children back into Gaia Gaia asks the Titans to help her exact revenge on Ouranos Kronos castrates Ouranos, causing Ouranos to lose his power Kronos gains control From the castration, some gods are born where the drops of blood hit the Earth spring the Erinyes (spirits of vengeance) Aphrodite "Gift from the Foam" Roman "Venus" Goddess of sexual love Kronos marries Rhea, his sister and they produce... Hestia Romans call her "Vesta" Goddess of the hearth (flame)- fire is revered as divine Demeter Roman "Ceres" Goddess of the harvest, rain controls the seasons Poseidon Roman "Neptune" god of the sea, earthquakes earthquakes happen when he struck the Earth with his trident Hades (ploutos) Roman "Pluto" God of the underworld, also the god of wealth because everything comes to him eventually Stole a wife: Persephone- Demeter's daughter Demeter is depressed because of the kidnapping of her Daughter, so she refused to allow growth by causing a massive winter. Persephone is allowed out of the underworld for 6 months out of the year (summer and spring) Hera Roman "Juno" goddess of marriage and childbirth representative of women as wives Zeus Roman "Jupiter" God of the sky (atmospheric phenomenon: weather) protector of morals, political freedom Symbols: Eagle, thunderbolt Kronos heard a prophecy that one of his children would be even more powerful than he decided to swallow his children as they were born Rhea wrapped a stone in some blankets and gave it to Kronos to swallow instead of Zeus Zeus was raised in a cave on Crete Zeus raised a war against the earlier generation of gods power struggle between Olympian gods (associated with light) and Titans (darkness) Zeus and his siblings ultimately prevail, Zeus becomes king of the gods matriarchy replaced by patriarchy Zeus takes Hera as his wife Zeus and Metis produce... Swallows Metis while she is pregnant, gets a headache 9 mos. later, Athena comes out of Zeus' head Athena Roman "Minerva" Goddess of wisdom, war (defensive war) protectress of art, and craftsmen only goddess represented in battle gear Symbols: owl, olive Patron goddess of Athens Zeus and Demeter produce Persephone Roman "Proserpina" Hades' Bride spends 6mos of the year with Hades Spends the other 6mos with Demeter Zeus and Leto produce Apollo god of prophecy, medicine, healing, can also cause disease, god of music, archery, reason and order Artemis Roman "Diana" goddess of the wild also an archer patron goddess of wild animals, the huntress, goddess of childbirth(animal) Zeus and Maia produce Hermes (psychopompos- leader of souls) Roman "Mercury" Messenger of the gods leads the souls of the dead down into the underworld- made possible by the caduceus. Wears a wide brimmed hat (sign of a traveler) patron god of thieves Zeus and Hera produce Ares Roman "Mars" Not often sculpted or painted god of war(violence) Hephaistos Roman "Vulcan" god of the forge, patron god of smiths thought to have a workshop in mt. Aetna. only god that has a deformity- crippled Zeus and Semele (princess of Thebes) produce Dionysos Roman "Bacchus" raised in Crete god of changing shapes, illusions, god of win, god of the lack of inhibitions, disorder opposite of Apollo not a native greek god; in origin he is the god of liquid life in plants (sap) god of vegetation, milk, honey stands for rebirth, renewal, fertility symbols: bull Dionysos was worshiped by the ritual of done right after drinking wine sparagmos tearing apart of an animal omophagia eating the animal raw Decided this is too violent, and instead started theater. Origins of Humankind? Prometheus ("foresight") and Epimetheus ("hindsight") Prometheus was a titan- allowed the humans to keep the good part of the animal, and sacrifice only the bones and the fat of the animal. He then stole fire from Mt. Olympus and brought it to humans. Angered Zeus- punishes humans with Epimetheus- brother of Prometheus, given Pandora as a gift, Pandora ("giver of everything") is given a gift by each of the gods. Pandora was carrying a box ( her dowry) told that it must not be opened. Pandora opened the box, and a bunch of things rushed out, peace, happiness, misery, old age. Everything that humans experience, Pandora is responsible for. One thing stayed under the lid (hope). Hope is stuck in the box. Prometheus is punished by being strapped down on a mountain and either an eagle or a vulture is eating out his heart or liver, and the organ constantly grown back, so Promethius is tortured forever.