Hist_226.docx

TEST!!! 2/1/12 10:18 AM Mexican declares independence in 1822 Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna Texas appears to be nice fertile cheap land that would be a great place for growing cotton Louisiana Purchase(1803) Phillabusters (entrepreneurs from the Naches Mississippi area& disagreed with the boundaries set by the Adams-Oris Treaty) attempted to take Texas from Mexico in 1819; led by James Long Long apprehended by Spanish troops, taken to Mexico city and then killed by a guard Worried Spanish officials; they initiated Laws to protect their land from people coming in a taking Texas Imperial Colonization Law(1821) Spanish govt. allowed Moses Austin to over see 300 catholic families settling in Texas in return for land Moses, while on his death bed, told his son Stephen to continue his work; Stephen now knows that Mexico is independent In early 1822 settlers began to come to Texas By 1824 300 families were settled in Texas in Stephens 1ST colonies The 1st 300; from the tans-Appalachian south. Most from Louisiana. All were of British ancestry. Many were part of the great migration from the west. Most were farmers and had substantial means. Only 4 for illiterate. LARGE number of slave owners Politically and economically powerful Spanish allowed settlement for those families if they followed rules if the families can?t occupy and improve that land in 6 years they were kicked out Only 7 of those grants were forfeited due to occupation and improvement National Colonization Law (1824) Replaces Imperial Colonization Rule Centralist group (supports strong state governments) Federalist group(want shared power between state and central governments; more liberal) Federalist had the power in Mexico Coahiula y Tejas (state Texas was located in) Those wishing to settle had to talk to the state in order to get permission Didn?t spell out what was going on; just wanted people to come to Texas Set up the State Colonization Law State Colonization Law (1825) Paid a ?processing fee? and a fee that was paid in 3 installments; allowing them receive a sitio (4428.4 acres) Squatters are a big problem because the families can?t occupy all the land they were given Incomers had to take an oath Abide by federal and state constitutions Display moral principles and good conduct Worship the Christian Religion (Catholicism) Government of Saltillo wanted to attract settlers to provide a buffer from losing Texas; that?s why the land was sold so generously The policies were reconsidered when problems arose Haden Edwards- Bringing families into East Texas and decided to declare the republic of Fredonia; the state government destroyed this idea rather quickly. It is believed he wanted to be annexed to the United States Immigration was cracked down on Multi-cultural Society: A mix of people lived in Texas at this time Relative isolation from each other Anglos- Used whatever was in the environment for shelter (available and easy); with one or 2 rooms, dirt floors. Homes lacked windows to protect home from Indians Women were the home care takers 1836; towns were mostly Anglo-population converted part of their grants into farm lands though agriculture was slow originally subsistence farming; hash crop faming formed by the late 1820?s to grow cotton settlers set us schools for children; farmers subsidized schools themselves African Americans Slave. The end By 1836 5000 slaves resided in Texas concentrated in Anglo settlements for farming and because Mexico did not approve of slavery (they wanted it outlawed) Hispanic Texans/ Tejanos Concentrated in central and Southern Texas Farm workers; not cotton!! Grow citrus fruit Lived in urban settlements (SA, Goliad, Nachagdochas) Social divisions that originated in colonial era Ricos-rich! Upper stratum of society Standing rested on government possessions family racial background land possession business No middle class yet Peones and day laborers-lower class Mixed blood Hispanicized Indians Schools in Coahuila or Private institutions Women had more freedom than Anglo women Had right to have own property while married Had right to judicial redress But they could not hold office, vote, lost property if accused of adultery, divorces difficult to obtain Native Americans Population considerably reduced because of Disease Conflict (fighting amongst themselves) Diminishing food supply Integrated into Hispanic society Raids were still a big part of life up until the 1870?s Fun Horses Warriors/Slaves Mexican Texas (1821-1836) 2/1/12 10:18 AM As of November 7th, 1835 that would protect the constitution Henry Smith was governor of the provisional government Sam Houston was commander of Army March 2, 1836 delegates gathered at Washington on the Brazos and signed the Texas Declaration of Independence Yucatan Lorenzo de Zarala Tejanos Jose Francisco Ruiz Jose Antonio Navarro Father was native of Corsica, Italy Mother was descended from noble Spanish family Returns to Texas in 1816 and develops a relationship with Stephan F Austin Both saw Texas as a place of economic opportunity Supports slavery Family money and financially successful Trader to country Santa Anna and troops began to march across Texas Retreats east in pursuit of Houston?s forces Catches up to them at San Jacinto Battle began in April 21, 1836 and lasted about 18 minutes Yellow Rose of Texas; Emily ?Morgan? West She was given credit for delaying Santa Anna long enough for Houston to attacks But in reality she was there against her will and no one knows what really happened Houston?s troops stormed Santa Anna?s camp and won; capturing Anna as he attempted to flee Forced to sign the Treaties of Velasco One was a public treaty that Ended hostilities and restored private property Mexican and Texan prisoners were to be released Mexican troops would retire BEYOND the Rio Grande Terms of secret treaty Santa Anna taken to Vera Cruz where he would be released In return he agreed to seek Mexican government approval of treaties Negotiates treaty to establish and recognize Rio Grande river as permanent boarder Revolution- radical sudden change Political revolution overthrow of government Social Revolution class systems religion more protestant slavery no new rights not ending women no new changes This wasn?t really a ?revolution? this was just a claim of independence MARCH 2, 1836-TEXAS INDEPENDENCE DAY!!!!!! Texas Declaration of Independence 2/7/12 10:18 AM Launching a Nation Washington- on- the Brazos Preparing to form a government Provided for tripartite government Executive Judicial Legislative President would only be allowed to serve for 3 years Bi- legislature House Senate Constitution legalized slavery Stipulated that free blacks couldn?t live in Texas without the consent of congress David G. Burnet-Interim President Lorenzo de Zavala- Vice President Problems they faced while trying to solve stability: Fate of Santa Anna Indian attack on Fort Parker (what to do with Native Americans) State government couldn?t do anything about it Land titles Most were in Mexico Recognition by both the United States and Mexico Citizenship Jurisdiction Attacks from Mexico Finances **the biggest issue** Permanent elections were called for Approve constitution Express views on annexation to the United States Elect president, other officers, and members of congress Sam Houston-President Mirabeau B. Lamar- Vice President State Capital- Houston; October 1839 Houston received strong support from the Army but his plan was to get rid of it because he didn?t want the Army to go after Mexico without his support Got strong support from people who believed that his election would bring stability and early annexation with the United State Issues Houston Dealt with: National Defense & Frontier Protection Men and money to build forts and trading posts Supervise Indian trade Houston was given power to call up enlist 40,000 U.S. volunteers in case of a Mexican Invasion Texas Rangers were sent out to the frontier to protect from Native Americans Established in 1835 Volunteers Were there to control Indians Houston?s primary objective was to negotiate treaties with the Native Americans President Burnet sent agents to Washington in 1836 to Get officials to mediate between Texas and Mexico Wanted to obtain Washington?s recognition of Texas Independence Wanted to stress to Washington officials the importance of annexation Washington extended recognition in 1837 Texas redraws request for annexation because of Growing abolition movement in the United States; Texans feared they would lose their slaves Weren?t prepared to lose slaves France and England extended diplomatic recognition DEBT WAS LARGE!!!!!! Texas, under Houston, attempted to meet expenses by Selling confiscated and captured Mexican property Went to friends in the U.S. and around the world for money Slave owners were very hopeful that Texas would succeed Usually wealthy and loaned Texans money for their survival Loans from Philadelphia The V.P. allowed Texans to print money and issue treasury notes Houston serves term and can?t secede himself Parties were the War party Peace party Lamar is chosen to be president Took a harder line with Indians Reversed Houston?s lines with Indians More aggressive about Mexico Wanted larger military The Republic 2/13/12 10:23 AM Spent money extravagently TEST NEXT MONDAY!!! Lectures Captured Book Chapters 1-7 Review on Friday!!! 882 E-green scantron (the little ones)