History Final Exam

• Truman won over Dewey
• whistle stop campaigns

• promised to extend the new deal and to ensure greater economic opportunity to all people.
• BUT- republicans and southern democrats forced congress to oppose truman's proposals that were new and to only accept the ones that were expanding existing programs.

• in response to the landslide truman authorized the attorney general to make a list of all organizations that were totalitarian, fascist, or subversives. and forbid membership or association otherwise it is grounds for dismissal.

• Martin Dies
• investigated un-american activity. and make sure no un-american messages were in entertainment.
• focused on hollywood

• 8 screenwriters and 2 directors refused to speak of their political stands
• used the 1st amendment as their defense but supreme court didn't allow it so they went to jail.

• people still believe that there are some people in the government who are un-american who support the soviet union and communism.

• evangelist who preached to tons of people in stadiums. stresses individual approach to belief and social issues.

• John Kenneth Galbraith
• said that the future problem would be ensuring the fair distribution of wealth.

• Michael Harrington
• reminded americans of the poor people who missed out on prosperity.

• Kennedy won over nixon because of his charisma and personality.
• t.v. played big role. 1st presidential debates.

• president of north vietnam
• led the viet cong
• communist leader

• army in south vietnam that fought the u.s. and the south vietnamese government.
• supported by north vietnamese and ho chi minh

• Russian for satellite
• soviet union launched 1st artificial satellite which caused the u.s. more fear.

• the supreme court ruled that "separate but equal" schools denied blacks of equal treatment and was unconstitutional.

• montgomery, alabama
• refused to give up her seat on the bus and was arrested.
• response- women's political council=mass bus boycott

• led the mass bus boycott which won a victory and made him famous
• formed the southern christian leadership conference (SCLC)

• leader of the southern christian leadership conference (SCLC)
• helped form the student nonviolent coordinating committee (SNCC)

• formed by ella baker
• principle organization of the civil rights movement
• formed in response to the violent sit-ins at the lunch tables

• james farmer
• developed "freedom rides" to test segregation
• one of buses was burned and riders were attacked
• were arrested
• proved that blacks were in charge of their own civil rights revolution

• after kennedy was assassinated lyndon johnson took over
• knew little about foreign policy but was master of domestic policy
• recognized the problem of poverty in america and tried to fix it by developing social programs that focus on altering past behaviors (which had led to poverty)
• core of the program= office of economic opportunity (OEO)-developed community action agencies
• improved millions of lives

• organized by the SNCC
• voting registration drive
• sent volunteers to mississippi to target political system that used rigged literacy tests and intimidation to prevent black southerners from voting

• organized by the SNCC
• sent it's own black delegates to 1964 democratic convention
• johnson didn't allow but guaranteed 2 seats in 1968

• north vietnam boats attacked u.s. boat (maddox) in gulf of tonkin while it was eavesdropping
• gulf of tonkin resolution: allowed johnson to wage undeclared war

• johnson won over barry goldwater in a landslide (61% popular vote)
• johnson can achieve his goal of a great society and democrats don't have to beg conservatives for votes anymore

• johnson's goal
• based on freedom and opportunity for all
• medicare, medicaid, social security, food stamps, and health care helped the poor

• republican candidate who ran against johnson in 1964 election
• wanted aggressive confrontation with communism and proposed an all out war

• considered itself the "new left"
• student activist movement
• called for a "participatory democracy", direct action, student power, etc.

• president is betty friedan
• created to help revive feminism

• protestors crowned a sheep and encouraged women to "shed their bras and make up"

• took off as a political and social movement
• books described inequalities between men and women opportunity
• focused on rape, sexual harassment, and sexism

• white cop arrests black for drunk driving. crowd starts to complain. turns into a mob after LAPD arrive. start attacking and rioting.
• lasted for 2 days until national guard

• control of community through voting, celebrating heritage, creation of parallel society (whites and blacks)
• "black pride"
• nation of islam and black panthers

• u.s.=overly confident
• tet=vietnamese new year
• viet cong attacked 36 of 44 capitals and national capital saigon
• was a psychological blow not military blow

• nixon won over wallace and humphrey

• when nixon reduced the u.s. ground forces he said his policies represented the "silent majority of his fellow americans"

• melvin laird secretary of defense pulled u.s. troops out as fast as possible without harming the south vietnamese government in response to the antiwar opinion

• after aiding south vietnam under the nixon doctrine secretly bombed communist bases in cambodia
• destabilized their government

• french word used to describe the easing of tensions between u.s., china, and soviet union
• implied that u.s. and china recognized mutual interests
• u.s. acknowledged the soviet union as an equal in world affairs
• made traveling easier between u.s. and china
• allowed u.s. farmers to sell wheat to soviets

• nixon targeted the south and the suburbs to win re-election
• general revenue sharing-assisted suburbs
• symbolism of the supreme court nominations-nominated people from florida and alabama. champion of the white south

Pentagon papers-showed leaders plan to expand war when they said they wanted out--->revealed and nixon mad---> hired hunt and liddy as "plumbers" (job was to prevent leaks of info) special investigation against opponents in white house---> 5 burglars hired by CREEP caught breaking in to watergate apartment building--->nixon bribes burglars to stay quiet--->cover falls apart in trial-->tries to find a defense story (set up john dean)---> staffer told committee about nixon's 

recorded tapes of conversations--->subpoenaed the tapes but nixon refused to give them up---> failed to make a good deal so he fired special prosecutor and attorney general "SATURDAY NIGHT MASSACRE" (cause american doubt)--->impeach nixon--->nixon gives tape that has direct evidence and announces his resignation.

• investigative committee chair
• Senate's select committee on presidential campaign activities

• took 66 americans hostage and demanded carter to surrender
• iran=anti americans
• came to agreement on eve of 1980 election and freed the hostages and reagan became president

• reagan becomes president

• welcomed immigrants from all nations equally and gave preference to family reunification

• equal rights shall not be denied by u.s. or any state due to sex/gender
• ratified

• struck down state laws forbidding abortion in 1st 3 months of pregnancy

• pro life people

• when police raided manhattan's stonewall inn, gays fought back

• most responsible for including prohibition of sex discrimination under the civil rights act of 1964

• president of national organization for women (NOW)

• Singer
• against gays
• "paper roses

• author
• eagle forum
• opposed equal rights
• "a choice not an echo"