History Final

• Who: pioneers moving to the west
• What: discovery of the west
• When: 1800s
• Where: western USA
• Why: Western Expansion showed that America was powerful and successful.  Many Americans believed firmly in the idea of manifest destiny
  

• Who: northern democrats supportive of Martin van Buren and conscience whigs who opposed slavery
• What: a political party that wanted to prohibit the expansion of slavery, thinking whites should be given work instead of blacks
• When: 1840s-850s
  

• Why: The free soil party increased sectionalism in the United States, as it was a regional party from the north vying for power across the nation. It created more division between those who supported slavery and those who didn't.
  

• Who: zachary taylor, henry clay, stephen douglas
• What: a last attempt to create a deal that would satisfy both slave and free states concerning the admission of California and the rest of the Mexican cession to the Union.  The compromise admited
  

• ...California as a free state and divided the rest of the territory into New Mexico and Utah, which would decide slavery by popular sovereignty. It outlawed the slave trade (although not slavery) in D.C. and enacted a more rigurous fugitive slave law.
  

• Why: Temporariliy seemed to create peace in the Union over the issue of slavery. However, the south knew they were outnumbered in congress after california's admission as a free state, and announced if compromise was breached, they would secede.
  

• Who: congress, particularly southern delegates
• What: Since the south had more representation in congress, they had a disproportional advantage in voting on legislation
• When: 1800s prior to Civil War
• Why: Increased the tensions of sectionalism in the us
  

• ·        Who: The Union and Confederacy
• ·        What: A war in which the entire society is engaged, all resources are used
• ·        When: 1861-1865
• ·        Where:The Union and The Confederate States

inflation.  Lincoln faced the challenge of keeping the border states loyal to the Union, and opposition from Copperheads and draft riots.  Lincoln also limited civil liberties and arrested secessionists. 

·        Who: Stephen Douglas, Abraham Lincoln

·        What: The debates between Douglas and Lincoln, who were competing for the Illinois senate seat, centered largely on black rights and slavery.

Douglas called Lincoln a “Black Republican” and Lincoln asserted that the nation could not continue divided, and needed to resolve the issue of slavery one way or another.

·        When: 1858, Illinois

Douglas won the senate seat but Lincoln’s excellent oratory skills helped influence the Republican party to chose him as their candidate for the 1860 election.

·        Who: The Southern States

·        What: South Carolina seceded and was followed by 6 other deep south states

·        When: 1860-1861

·        Where: the South

·       

Who: The Union and the Confederacy, Great Britain and France

What: The Southern belief that slaves were necessary for the American economy because they produced cotton, which the north needed.

·       

Who: runaway slaves,Union soldiers

What:Union Captain Butler refused to return 3 slaves who had runaway to the Union army.He put the to work in the Union camp and called them “contraband”

When: May 1861

Why: Slaves were willing to work for their freedom, as shown by their fleeing to Union camps.  However, these runaways were called “contraband”, which is a term that could be applied to any stolen enemy goods.

Who: slaves, slave holders, Congress, the Union Army, Lincoln

What: freed slaves of rebels provided for seizure and sale of property owned by disloyal citizens. Forbid surrender fugitive slave to confederates

·        When: July 1862

·     

·        Why: It authorized the president to employ African Americans in the Union army.  Was a success for the abolitionist movement as it made it easier to free slaves.  Also since the Union was protecting escaped slaves, it officially made the Civil War a war to end slavery.