History of Spain-Final

Their 2nd and 3rd sons, since the re-conquesto was over they had nothing else to do as they normally would have become soldiers

Aduencia (1494)

Chancilleria (1505)

Consejo Real (1480)

Consejo de Indias (1511)

Santa Hermandad (1476)-know the date!

Inquisition (1478)

Military

Military orders

Audencia and Chancilleria

group of people who advised the monarchy

absolute power of anything/everything in the Indies (Americas).

They were the first police force: holy brotherhood, end of civil war, civil guard, created by the monarchy to control. BIRTH OF SPAIN

Santa Hermandad

Social control, was to ask why baptized catholics were not following the rules of the orthodox church. Needed to prove you were a good catholic, hung ham legs in the windows. Technically never killed anyone, gave people to the civil authorities to be killed.

they reformed it and made it more modern.

Maestras. Orders of monks with weapons run by a meastra, apointed by the papacy. They were large private armies.

The catholic monarchs have the right to appoint the leader, so Ferdinand appoints himself as Grandmaster.

Grandmaster.

Inquisition

Santa Hermanda

Expulsion of the jews (1492)

Expulsion of the moriscoes (1502)

Control of the nobility (after the civil war of 1474-1479)

Rural vs. Urban populatio (growth of urban population)

Increase of the textile industry (wool!)

They had to either became catholic or leave the country. They wanted to create unity in the country, so everyone had to be the same.

Monetary system

protection of industry

He was the son of Maximiliam I and Maria of Burgundy, he was unable to take over his fathers lands when he was born but he was given his mothers lands right away. He became Duke of Burgundy. Married Juana. Had a son Charles I. Philip and Juana were asked to come and rule in Castile because they didn't want Ferdinand to rule as he had married a French princess (Germaine Defoix). Philip died young.

Juana, the mad, was the daughter of Isabella and Ferdinand. Married to Philip von Hapsburg, and was supposed to rule both Aragon and Castile. Once Isabelle died, Ferdinand became regent in Castile, even though Juana was supposed to rule. She was instead locked up in a monastery after her husband died.

he was born in Ghent in 1500. Son of Juana and Philip. Grew up in Flanders, until he moved to Spain at age 16 (at this point his father is dead and mother is locked up). His arrival signifies his relationship to his new kingdom. He becomes co-king with his mother. At 19, his father is dead, mom locked up, both sets of grandparents are dead. He inherits all titles.

Isabel and Ferdidnand marry (first cousins), they have children (Juana, Maria, etc.) Juana marries Philip I of the HRE and they have Charles I, who sleeps with Ferdinands 2nd wife, Germaine Defoix, they have a child. Meanwhile he marries, his cousin Isabel of Portugal (the daughter of miguel of potugal and Juana's sister maria.)

The Burgundian Prince.

-Relgious wars in Germany (peace in 1555)-due to Martin Luthers 95 Thesis

-War with France: title of Emperor and Duke of Burgundy. He was both above and below the King of France. France was killing off the Lutherans in their country but aiding the ones who were fighting the Spanish in Germany.

-War with the Ottoman Empire: Empire (eastern mediterranean, muslims)

-Bankruptcy caused by war

-Raised taxes (comuneros) in Castilian cities, people revolt, but he puts down the revolts quickly with no mercy.

-increases revenue from the silver from the Americas

The family inherits numerous kingdoms, but they are each independet of each other, and each one needs to be rule seperately. They lacked a centralized govt. Also, in the Americas they had vicerys kingdoms, where the King in Spain would appoint a King to rule there. It was a decentralized Spain.

Keep all lands within the family.

Consejo de Hacienda (1523)

Consejo de Etado (1526)

Consejo de Indias (1511/1524)

cabinet members, under the Kings name, central reform policies.

increase of power, given ultimate authority for everything to do with the new world, even if it did not occur there.

His oldest son, Philip II.

Gave his brother Fernando I, the HRE and his son, Philip, Spain.

Spoke to his horse in german

spoke to women in french

spoke to god in castilian

wanted to move soliders through the papcy territories, but the pope wouldn't allow him, and told him that hes only king, and he crowned him. Charles agreed and pointed to his army outside and said but they only listen to me. Pope signs the treaty and allows him through, but Charles sacks Rome anyways.

-Building new palace, monastery, mausoleum (The Escorial)

-birth of Black legend and counter roformation

-married 4 times

"The empire where the sun never sets."

obsessed with having a male heir

-married four times

Maria of Portugal

Mary I of England

Isabel of Valois (France)

Ana of Austria (HRE and his cousin)

----their son was Philip III

Moriscoe population still outnumbered the new arrivals (christians), and in 1567 they were forced to stopped their Muslim cutoms. A year later the moriscoe population revolted against their new restrictions. By 1571, the revolt was crushed, by the kings half brother Juan de Austria. Afterwards the moriscoes were relocated to different parts of the peninsula.

Alpujarras

His brother, Juan de Austria

Was the former secretary to King Philip II, but ended up feeding his false information so that he would order the death of Escobo, Juan de Austrias secretary. Rumors begin flying about his death, and Perez blames it on the King and flees to Aragon, where Philip proceeds to send an army in after him, but they were too late and he escaped into France. The army leaves Aragon in 1593.

-continued the policies and institutions that his father created.

-moved th capital of the empire to madrid (well he moved, and the capital was wherever the king lived)

-gained some control from the nobility in aragon

He inherited all the problems his father had:

-wars with france (france attacks the IP to gain control)

Battle of San Quintin (1557)

Battle of Gravelines (1558)-on the day of St. Lawrence

Peace with France (1559)

He arrested him, but allowed the King to stay in France. The Treaty of Chateau-Cambresis and it gave spain full control over the IP and France had to help against the low countries, and could no longer help protestants against spain.

they continued from the religious wars of Charles. It gave the Dutch Economic growth and spain gives them islands in the canaries.. Relgious problems occuring in Blegium, Luxembourg and the netherlands. This was the largest expenditure of the spainsh empire-to fight the dutch

fighting against the Dutch

Philip II is voted by the aristocracy to become king, since he is married to a portugese princess. Leads to the union of the IP and overseas territory.

Philip II marries Mary Tudor, Queen of England while he is only a prince. He ends up leaving England when his father dies and he becomes King. Mary dies without any children which signifies Englands return to Protestantism. Protestants attack Catholics leads to the destruction of the Spanish Armada.

They will be at war continually until England goes back to Catholocism.

Biggest empire in the eastern mediterranean, muslim empire. He creates a "Holy league" to fight the ottoman empire, defeats them in the Battle of Lepanto: destruction of Ottoman's Navy

Where the Holy League defeats the Ottoman Empire and destroys their navy in 1571

Battle of Lepanto.

Philip II, he son had no interest in Politics and focused on the arts and theatre and women instead.

a continuation of the status quo, same as his fathers, no changes of his own.

He was the son of Philip II, he enjoyed hunting, art, theatre, and left the ruling of the Kingdom to powerful noblemen.

Lerma was King Philip IIIs #1 guy who basically rule for him. But the Kings wife did not like him, so he was fired and his son Duke of Udeca replaced him.

the same as Philip II and Charles the firsts.

muslims who converted to catholicism from Granada.

Philip III, because they were worried that the Ottoman turks would assist them in revolting since they had such a large population already. Leads to a huge economic crisis, since the moriscoes created allll the textiles.

Problems he inherited from his father and the 30 years war.

-England: they sign a treaty because the new king James of scotland is catholic.

-Low countries: he reached peace with the dutch, and permitted dutch expansion in the americas and carribean.

-France: King of France was murdered, the new king wants peace, so Philip IV and princess Isabel of Borbon will marry.

This was the only problem that Philip got himself involved in. As a Hapsburg he was obligated to help the HRE (aka his Uncle). It was a religious war and the Protestants lost badly. The war outlasted Philip III.

Oldest son of Philip III, he was married to Iabel of Borbon. Like his father, left government up to powerful nobles, for awhile. Changes because of Count-Duke of Olivares who tried to centralize spain. He was fired, and philip had to go to each revolting region and reconfirm the fueros of all the kingdoms in spain.

Was appointed by Philip IV to run the govt. Very powerful, intelligent and stubborn. His number one reform was to centralize spain and remove the authority from the independant kingdoms. Capatalized everything in madrid and under castilian law. other Spanish regions revolted, so Olivares is fired. philip had to go to each revolting region and reconfirm the fueros of all the kingdoms in spain.

traditional privileges