Inheritance: SI

Biology 1541 with Roberts at University of Arkansas - Fayetteville

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By: Julissa Bello Almazan
Created: 2011-10-22
Size: 43 flashcards
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Genetics

the study of heredity

three reasons that Mendel used pea plants

1. easy to grow

2. easy to distinguish varieties

3. strict control over fertilization

Genes

the units that determine heritable traits

Mendel's Law of Segregation

describes the inheritance of a single characteristic (monohybrid cross)

Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment

alleles of a pair segregate independently of other allele pairs during gamete formation

The Law of Segregation proposes what 4 hypothesis based on a monohybrid cross

1. organisms have 2 genes (alleles) for each inherited characteristic

2. inherited alleles = 1 from mom, 1 from dad

3. allele that determines organism's appearance is dominant if alleles aren't the same. Recessive has no noticeable effect

4. allele pairs segregate from each other during gamete production

homozygous dominant

heterozygous

homozygous recessive

The law of independent assortment is revealed by tracking ___ characteristics at once, this is called a ______________________

dihybrid cross

Mendel discovered that ___________ are located on chromosomes, whose behavior during meiosis and fertilization accounts for inheritance patterns

genes

PRA stands for

progressive retinal atrophy

test cross

the mating between an individual with an unknown genotype and a homozygous recessive individual

Rule of Multiplication

a compound event is the product of the separate probabilities.

Family Pedigrees

can be used to determine individual genotypes

An individual that is heterozygous for a recessive gene that predisposes for hereditary division

carrier

Dihybrid Cross

phenotype ratio for 2 heterozygotes BbHh x BbHh 9:3:3:1

The 2 dominant human genetic disorders:

Achondroplasia

Huntington's Disease

Huntington's

a degenerative nerve disease that doesn't appear until middle age

in order to get a genotypic evaluation, expecting parents undergo

fetal testing

2 invasive tests of fetal testing are:

amniocentesis

chronic villus sampling (cvs)

Fetal Imaging

ultrasound imaging that uses sound waves to produce a picture of the fetus

Amniocentesis

when the doctor takes fluid from the uterus of a pregnant female

CVS

(aka: Chronic Villus Sampling) takes a piece of tissue from the placenta

At birth, some genetic disorders can be detected by simple tests, this is called

Newborn screening

Newborns are tested for ____________________ which is evaluating the presence of phenylketone in the urine.

phenylketonuria

Babies with phenylketonuria cannot break down phenylaline. Too much phenylaline in a babies diet leads to

Mental retardation

Genetic testing can detect _______________________, thus, informing people of the risk for developing genetic diseases.

disease causing alleles

Incomplete dominance

a form of intermediate inheritance in which heterozygous alleles are both expressed resulting in a combined phenotype

A condition in which both alleles are fully expressed is called ___________________. An example of this is the _____________________.

codominance

Blood type: type AB

antibody

a protein molecule in body fluids that changes other substances

Type __ blood is the Universal Donor.

Type __ blood is the Universal Recipient.

Pleiotropy

defined as a single gene that affects several characteristics. (Ex. sweet pea plant: one gene controls flower color, seed color, and leaf shape)

Polygenic Inheritance

When one characteristic is controlled by several genes

Phenotype can be affected by:

genetic and environmental factors

Linked genes

the exception to Mendel's rule of independent assortment. They are genes found on the same chromosome physically linked on different locus. They tend to be inherited together because they reside together on the same chromosome.

The X-O system is found in:

grasshoppers

XX is female

XO is male

The ____ system is found in chickens.

Z-W

ZW is female

ZZ is male

In bees, _________________ determine the sex. How many for each gender?

chromosomes

32 for females

16 for males

_______________ are different from linked genes because the genes are located on the sex chromosome.

Sex-linked

In fruit flies, ____________________ is a sex-linked trait.

White eye color

Sex linked disorders affect mostly males

males can give their offspring either an X or a Y chromosome. Females can only pass on an X chromosome

2 examples of sex-linked disorders

hemophylia

Red-green color blindness

About this deck

By: Julissa Bello Almazan
Created: 2011-10-22
Size: 43 flashcards
Views: 9

About StudyBlue

“I have used this website for three exams, and I see a huge difference in my test results.”
Naj