Intensive Agriculture in Industrialized Farming

StudyBlue printing of Intensive Agriculture in Industrialized Farming html, body, div, span, applet, object, iframe, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, blockquote, pre, a, abbr, acronym, address, big, cite, code, del, dfn, em, font, img, ins, kbd, q, s, samp, small, strike, strong, sub, sup, tt, var, b, u, i, center, fieldset, form, label, legend, table, caption, tbody, tfoot, thead, tr, th, td { margin: 0; padding: 0; border: 0; outline: 0; font-size: 100%; background: transparent; } body { line-height: 1; } blockquote, q { quotes: none; } blockquote:before, blockquote:after, q:before, q:after { content: ''; content: none; } /* remember to define focus styles! */ :focus { outline: 0; } /* remember to highlight inserts somehow! */ ins { text-decoration: none; } del { text-decoration: line-through; } /* tables still need 'cellspacing="0"' in the markup */ table { border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0; } /* end RESET */ .header { min-width:800px; } .logo { padding:6px 20px 2px 20px; margin:0; font-size:25px; font-weight:bold; color:#808285; position:relative; border-bottom: 1px solid #c5c5c5; } .logo-blue { color:#70adc4; } .logo-desc { font-weight:normal; font-size:19px; color:#cccccc; margin-top:50px; position:absolute; display: none; } .back-button { position:absolute; top:20px; right:20px; font-size:13px; line-height:25px; color:rgb(0,175,225); font-weight:normal; } .back-button a { color:rgb(0,175,225); } .instructions { padding:0; margin:0; width:100%; position:relative; color:rgb(100,100,100); } .step-holder { border-left:1px solid #ededed; margin-left:20px; } .steps { padding:15px 0; float:left; width:24%; border-right:1px solid #ededed; text-align:center; } .steps-01 { } .steps-02 { } .steps-03 { } .steps-04 { } .label { padding:5px 10px; } .print-button { } .print-button a { background-color:rgb(0,175,225); color:white; line-height: 19px; padding:9px 8px 5px 30px; font-size:14px; text-decoration:none; background-image: url(images/printer.png); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-position: 7px 50%; -moz-border-radius: 5px; -webkit-border-radius: 5px; } .print-button a:hover { background-color:black; } .theNote .content { width: 8.0in !important; margin: 5px auto; padding:20px; background-color:white; } .theNote .header { border-bottom: 1px dashed #C8C8C8; font-size: 17px; padding: 0 0 10px; line-height: 19px; color: #00ADE1; min-width:500px; } .theNote .body { font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px; padding: 10px 0; } .theNote{ padding:6px 0; clear:both; background-color: rgb(200,200,200); } .theNote h3{ color: rgb(100,100,100); } .theNote h1, .theNote h3{ background-color:white; padding:2px 20px; width:8.0in !important; margin: 0 auto; font-size: 15px; } .theNote h1{ padding-top: 10px; font-size: 15px; } .theNote h1:first-child{ font-size: 20px; } .theNote h3 { font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal; } #options { border: 3px double #ccc; padding: 5px 12px; margin: 10px 50px 10px 20px; float: left; } #info { border-top: 1px solid #ccc; padding-top: 5px; font-style: italic; } li { margin: 5px 10px 5px 25px; } ul li { list-style: disc; } ol li { list-style: decimal; } img { border: 0; } table { clear: both; width: 100%; border: 1px solid #c5c5c5; border-width: 1px 0; margin: 0; page-break-after: always; } table#page { page-break-after: auto; } td { text-align: center; font-size: 12px; border-bottom: 1px dashed #c5c5c5; height: 1.75in; width: 50%; padding-left: 15px; } .leftside { border-right: 1px solid #cccccc; padding: 0 15px 0 0; } .bottom td { border-bottom: none; } .clearfix { clear:both; line-height:1px; height:1px; } img { max-width:80%; max-height:150px; margin:20px; } @media print {.header { display: none; } .content .header{ display:inherit; } table { border: 1px dashed #bbb; border-width: 1px 0; } .theNote{ background-color:white; } } Chapter 9 B&F In Europe, particularly in England, France, and Germany in the early 19th century, steam and internal combustion engines were harnessed to machines both for manufacturing and for transport. It is a way of coping with challenges and resolving specific problems. what we call industrialism is a major societal commitment that has been underway for some 250 years. Industrialism is not an adaptation to a single local set of constraints or problems, and so the costs and benefits vary widely. Population increased rapidly. Europe's population grew from 100 to 187 million between 1650 and 1800, then leaped to 400 million in the 19th century coal-age, an increase of 260 percent. Today the world's population is doubling every 35 years. The Central American nation of El Salvador, the most densely populated country in the Western Hemisphere, has more that 670 people per square mile, of 5.6 million people are packed into an are smaller that New Hampshire. Rwanda, with 8 children per woman. Demographic transition a rapid increase in a society's population with the onset of industrialization, followed by a leveling off of the growth rate. Thw initial spurt of growth may be caused by a declining death rate attributable to improved health care in combination with high fertility. While Ireland has a baby boom, and the US continues to grow largely due to immigration, Germany, Italy, and Spain have so few births that their populations will decline sharply unless replaces with migrants. Through Science and Industry Mechanization is the replacement of human and animal labor by mechanical devices, enabling humans to vastly increase the amount of product derived from one unit of land and labor-began long before the industrial age. Much of the energy involved in industrialism is channeled though machines rather than through animals and humans. Despite the ingenuity of these machines, it was not until the relatively recent that a breakthrough was achieved in the amount of power that could effectively be delieverd. Such machinery has transformed our idea of work. Labor is increasingly devoted to the management and maintenance of machinery, rather than to the products the machines make. Nonmechanized Approaches to Intensification Another means of intensifying yields is by developing new crops and new strains of established ones. Green Revolution; New strains have tripled or quadrupled yields per hectare. In recent years, the use of genetically modified (GM) crops has grown rapidly in the US and Canada. But they are considered highly contraversial. Fish farming, sometimes called the Blue Revolution , has the potential for contributing as much to human sustenance as the green revolution. Specialization The development of precise instruments for measuring time was critical to most sophisticated technologies and processes. Specialization in high-volume production depends on the availability of interchangeable parts, which requires a level of precision that did not develop in a significant way intil the early 19th century. Centralization is also required because industry standards must be developed to facilitate the use of interchangeable parts. Today we can see this specialization on a global scale. The increasing congruence of the world's cultures is a direct product of industrialization. Advanced transportation and communication systems, along with international migration, have brought peoples once isolated into contact with other societies. In essence, the world's people are coming to love and prduce under increasingly similar economic condition.