Islam

Religion 351 with Keller at Brigham Young University

About this deck

By: Ellen Allen
Created: 2010-12-06
Size: 64 flashcards
Views: 37

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Allah

Contraction of the Abramic term 'al ilah' which mans 'the god'

used by Muslms and arabic speaking Christians and Jews to refer to God

Arafat

-Plain where the Talibayah is recited

-9th day of the Hajj, climax

Abu Bakr

Sunnis regard him as Muhammad's first rightful successor/Caliph

-Senior deciple

Abu Tahib

-Muhammad's uncle and guardian, who never became a muslim

Al-Hudabiyyah

-Site of the treaty made between Meccans and Muslims in 628 CE

-Muslims would not invade

-Meccans would allow Muslims to come once a year

Al Mahdi

-Future figure who will prepare the way for Jesus' return prior to the resurrection

- unknown figure for Sunnis

-Hidden imam named Muhammed Al Mahdi for Shi'ites

Caliphs

-successors to Muhammed

-NOt considered prophets, but political leaders

Dhu-l-hijjah

-last month of the Islamic calendar year

-the month of the Hajj

Du'a

-Personal prayer in addition to Salat-

-Similar to LDS idea of personal prayer

Hadith

traditions concerning the sayings of actions of Muhammad

Hajj

the pilgrimage to Mecca, which is to be made once in a person's lifetime if financially and physically possible;

-one of the five pillars

Hijra

-Muhammads' emigration from Mecca to Yathrib in 622 CD (Night Migration)

-marks the beginning of the Muslim Calendar

Ihram

two white cotton cloths worn by male Muslims on their pilgrimage to Mecca. Symbolic of the state of purity that all pilgrims assume while on the Hajj.

Imam

-Prayer leader in all forms of Islam

-One of the 12 Shi'ite leaders with both political and religious authority.

Islam

'submission' or surrender to God

Jihad

-Literally meaning 'striving' or 'struggling' to sere god and the umma.

-sometimes involves armed struggle against outside agression

Jinn

-In Arabic legend, a spirit often capable of assuming human or animal form with supernatural power (genie)

-good or ad (legends also contain angels adn ghouls)

Ka'bah

-the black draped cubicle structure in Mecca which contains the black stone and which according to legend was built by Abraham and his son Ishmael.

Khadijah

-the first wife of Muhammed

-First person to covert to Islam, very supportive

Marwah

-One of two small hills (the other=al Safa) located in Mecca, between which Muslims walk rapidly back adn forth seven times during the Haji. (Sa'y)

Mecca

-Most sacred place of Islam

-birthplace of Muhammad

-location of the Ka'bah

Medina

-Shortened from 'Madinat Al-Nabi" meaning 'city of the prophet'

-second holiest site in Islam

-Formerly Yathrib, to which Muhammed fled in 622 CE and ruled, establishing many basic institutions of Islam

-Muhammed was buried here

Mihrab

-in a mosque, a niche or decorative panel designating the direction of the a'bah

Mina

-Site half way between Mecca and Arafat where various ceremonies take palce during the Hajj.

Minaret

-tower on a mosque from which the call to prayer is given

Mosque

-means 'place of prostration' for the ritual prayers.

-center for Islamic communal life where prayers are held, religious educaton conducted, and charitable service provided.

Muezzin

individual who gives call to pray

mulsim

a person who practices Islam, means literally 'one who submits to God'

Night Journey

-Journey in 620 CE when Muhammad was flown on a winged from Mecca to Jerusalem and then taken into the presence o God

Night migration

escape from Mecca to Yathrib in 622

Night of power

night of Muhammad's call when Gabriel appeared to him.

Qur'an

-means 'recitation' or 'reading'

-holy book of islam, which is the mind and will of Allah delivered to Muhammad through the angel Gabriel

Quraysh

-the dominant rive of Mecca

-it was both the tribe to which Muhammed belonged and his chief antagonist in the Muslim-Quraysh Wars

Safa

Al Safa and Al Marwa are two small hills located in Mecca, between which Muslims walk rapidly back and forth seven times during the Hajj. (sa'y).

Sala (salah)

-prayers said five times a day

-one of hte five pillars

Sawm Ramada

-fast during the month of Ramadan (daylght hours)

-time of introspeciton, seeking forgiveness, almsgiving

-the 27th day of Ramada is the Night of Power

-One of hte pillars of Islam

Sa'y

ritual walking quickly back and forth between the hills Marwah and Safa' commemorating Hagar's frantic search for water.

Shahada

-the Muslim's confession of fatih: 'there is no God but God and Muhammad is his messenger'

-first of hte five pillars

Shari'a

the all inclusive legal ode of Islam

Shi'ites

Muslims who believe that leadership of the community should have passed to Muhammad's son in law Ali and should be hereditary.

Sufis

-mystic group who try to recapture Muhammad's experience of oneness wth deity

-some become ascetic

-spinning in rituals-- 'whirling dervishes'

-among sunnis and shi'ites

sunnis

- the majority sect of Islam who believe Abu Bakr was the rightful successor to Muhammad because he was the senior disciple. they reject the Shi'ite claim that lineage determines a person's right to lead the umma.

Talbiyah

-recitation on the plain of Arafat

-the climax of the Hajj

Umma

the world wide community of Muslims

Yathrib

original name of hte city to which the prophet moved in 622 CE and which is now called Medina

Zakat

the practice of giving 2.5 percent of one's accumulated wealth to support the umma, embodiment of the principle of charitable giving

-one of the five pillars

zamzam

well near the Ka'bah in Mecca which appeared in response to Hagar and Ishmael's need for water

muhammad

570-632 CE

father died before birht, mother died at 6, grandfather kept him briefly. His uncle, Abu Talib, a caravaer, raised him.

worked for a woman named Khadija (400 running her caravans-- she proposed marriage- happy marriage

muhammed was concerned with society

polytheism and idolatry

female infanticide

immorality

night of power

gabriel called muhamad recite.

Muhammad meccan period 610-622

-muhammad challenged social problems

-received revelation, reited surras

-the Quraysh tribe persecuted Mohammad

-Khadja died 619

-night Journey 620- was taken to Jerusalem and into the presenc of God

-was invited to rule Yathrib

-clans in Mecca plotted assassination, and Muslims left. 622 CE

Muhammad Medinan Period

with unrestricted power in Yathrib (renamed Medina), Muhammad was able to establish the institutions of Islam

- erected 1st Mosque

-weekly services on friday

-protestation during prayer

-call to prayer

-taking walms for poor and cause

-warfare with mecca because they had been wronged

-628 CE al hudabiyyah- truce, however, in 630 trive allied with Meccans attacked tribe allied with Muslims-- which broke the turce

-muslims quicly gained power because the persian and byzantine empires were weakened by war

five pillars of islam

Shahada- confession of faith

Salah or Salat- prayer

zakat- almsgiving

sawm ramadan-fasting

hajj- pilgrimage to Mecca

Shahada

muslim confession of faith

-"there is no God but God, and Muhammad is hs Messenger"

-used as call to prayer

-sense of God's identity is similar ot Christians'

Salat/Salah

prayer

-5 times a day

-must wash befor epraying

-pray prostrated

-on Friday say special prayers

-Du'a, personal prayer similar to our idea of prayer, communicating with God without ritual.

Zakat

Almsgiving

-to tkae care of the poor and support the religious community

-2.5%

-Purifies the remainder for your use.

Sawm Ramadan

fasting during ramadam

-a monthh of hte lunar Hijra calendar

-no food, drink, or entertainment during daylight

-intense readig of hte Quran

Hajj

pilgimage to Mecca

-all who are financially and physically able must do it

-takes place in teh last month, Dhu-l-Hijjah

-Men wears a seamless white garment, representing

Events of the Hajj

-d 1: the 8th of Chu-l-hijjah- crcumab of the Ka'bah and personal prayer, drink from Zamzam, Sa'y between Safa' and Marwah

-d 2: recitation of Talbiyah, standing on plain Arafat

-D 3: gather 49-70 pebbles, throw them at the pillar of Satan at Mina, animal sacrifice between day 3-6, return to Mecca and circumamb. the Ka'bath

-d 4,5,6: at mina, each day throw 7 stones at each of the three illars, new covering is put on the ka'bah, final circumamb.

end of req. part, some leave on 12t

d 11-13- party

3 islamic groups

sunnis: largest group of islam 85%: followed Abu Bakr as first Caliph

Shi'ites: 15% but a majority in some countires (iran, iraq)- followed Ali whom they view as the first Imam

Sufis: Mystic within Islam- seek what Muhammad experienced--trance, revelation, amongst the sunnis and shi'ites, some use a whirling dance 'dirvishes'

sunni history/ important figures

muhammad

abu bakr- Caliphs

uman

uthman

ali- husan abdicated, husayn assassinated

waiting for 9unknown) Al Mahdi

Shi'ite History/important figures

muhammad

abu bakr, umar, uthman

ali- imams

husam

12 or 7 others, the last of which (muhammad Al Mahdi) went into hiding- known through babs

-muhammad Al Mahdi will return

women

don't treat with harshness though obed. is expected

dowry is proteted and given from teh man

wealth flows from teh man's family ot the woman, unlike early Arabic trad

women are protected

sons inherit twice what daughters inherit- but what the daughters inherit is theirs- what hte man inherits is his but he must ust it to support his sisters and wife

woman's role is primarily in the home

other practices are cultural, not based on teh Quran, and ary by nation, by famly and by individual.

Jihad

'sturggle' or 'striving'

-daily striving for personal improvement

-may apply the holy war if hte faith is threatened

-highly misrepresented in teh media.

About this deck

By: Ellen Allen
Created: 2010-12-06
Size: 64 flashcards
Views: 37

About StudyBlue

“I have used this website for three exams, and I see a huge difference in my test results.”
Naj