Israeli Palestani reading p16--25

StudyBlue printing of Israeli Palestani reading p16--25 html, body, div, span, applet, object, iframe, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, blockquote, pre, a, abbr, acronym, address, big, cite, code, del, dfn, em, font, img, ins, kbd, q, s, samp, small, strike, strong, sub, sup, tt, var, b, u, i, center, fieldset, form, label, legend, table, caption, tbody, tfoot, thead, tr, th, td { margin: 0; padding: 0; border: 0; outline: 0; font-size: 100%; background: transparent; } body { line-height: 1; } blockquote, q { quotes: none; } blockquote:before, blockquote:after, q:before, q:after { content: ''; content: none; } /* remember to define focus styles! */ :focus { outline: 0; } /* remember to highlight inserts somehow! */ ins { text-decoration: none; } del { text-decoration: line-through; } /* tables still need 'cellspacing="0"' in the markup */ table { border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0; } /* end RESET */ .header { min-width:800px; } .logo { padding:6px 20px 2px 20px; margin:0; font-size:25px; font-weight:bold; color:#808285; position:relative; border-bottom: 1px solid #c5c5c5; } .logo-blue { color:#70adc4; } .logo-desc { font-weight:normal; font-size:19px; color:#cccccc; margin-top:50px; position:absolute; display: none; } .back-button { position:absolute; top:20px; right:20px; font-size:13px; line-height:25px; color:rgb(0,175,225); font-weight:normal; } .back-button a { color:rgb(0,175,225); } .instructions { padding:0; margin:0; width:100%; position:relative; color:rgb(100,100,100); } .step-holder { border-left:1px solid #ededed; margin-left:20px; } .steps { padding:15px 0; float:left; width:24%; border-right:1px solid #ededed; text-align:center; } .steps-01 { } .steps-02 { } .steps-03 { } .steps-04 { } .label { padding:5px 10px; } .print-button { } .print-button a { background-color:rgb(0,175,225); color:white; line-height: 19px; padding:9px 8px 5px 30px; font-size:14px; text-decoration:none; background-image: url(images/printer.png); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-position: 7px 50%; -moz-border-radius: 5px; -webkit-border-radius: 5px; } .print-button a:hover { background-color:black; } .theNote .content { width: 8.0in !important; margin: 5px auto; padding:20px; background-color:white; } .theNote .header { border-bottom: 1px dashed #C8C8C8; font-size: 17px; padding: 0 0 10px; line-height: 19px; color: #00ADE1; min-width:500px; } .theNote .body { font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px; padding: 10px 0; } .theNote{ padding:6px 0; clear:both; background-color: rgb(200,200,200); } .theNote h3{ color: rgb(100,100,100); } .theNote h1, .theNote h3{ background-color:white; padding:2px 20px; width:8.0in !important; margin: 0 auto; font-size: 15px; } .theNote h1{ padding-top: 10px; font-size: 15px; } .theNote h1:first-child{ font-size: 20px; } .theNote h3 { font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal; } #options { border: 3px double #ccc; padding: 5px 12px; margin: 10px 50px 10px 20px; float: left; } #info { border-top: 1px solid #ccc; padding-top: 5px; font-style: italic; } li { margin: 5px 10px 5px 25px; } ul li { list-style: disc; } ol li { list-style: decimal; } img { border: 0; } table { clear: both; width: 100%; border: 1px solid #c5c5c5; border-width: 1px 0; margin: 0; page-break-after: always; } table#page { page-break-after: auto; } td { text-align: center; font-size: 12px; border-bottom: 1px dashed #c5c5c5; height: 1.75in; width: 50%; padding-left: 15px; } .leftside { border-right: 1px solid #cccccc; padding: 0 15px 0 0; } .bottom td { border-bottom: none; } .clearfix { clear:both; line-height:1px; height:1px; } img { max-width:80%; max-height:150px; margin:20px; } @media print {.header { display: none; } .content .header{ display:inherit; } table { border: 1px dashed #bbb; border-width: 1px 0; } .theNote{ background-color:white; } } reading Ottoman Empire The Ottoman empire was one of the largest an longest lasting Empires in history It was inspired and sustained by Islam, and Islamic instituions It replaced the byzantine empire as the major power in the Eastern Mediterranean height was under Suleiman the Magnificent and reached the gates of Vienna At its peak, it included: Turkey, Egypt, Greece, Bulgaria, Romania, Macedonia, Hungary, Palestine, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Parts of Arabia, and much of the coastal strip of Africa Why was the empire successful? Highly centralised Power was always transferred to a single person, and not split between rival princes The Ottoman Empire was successfully ruled by a single family for 7 centuries. State-run education system Religion was incorporated in the state structure, and the Sultan was regarded as "the protector of Islam". State-run judicial system Ruthless in dealing with local leaders Promotion to positions of power largely depended on merit Created alliances across political and racial groups United by Islamic ideology United by Islamic warrior code with ideal of increasing Muslim territory through Jihad United by Islamic organizational and administrative structures Highly pragmatic, taking the best ideas from other cultures and making them their own Encouraged loyalty from other faith groups Private power and wealth were controlled Very strong military Strong slave-based army Expert in developing gunpowder as a military tool Origin Seljuks were taken over by Ottoman clan. Rule of force The Ottoman empire inflicted a series of defeats on the declining Byzantine empire and expanded westward. Constantinople Constantinople was the heart of the Byzantine empire and it became the capital of the Ottoman empire when it was captured in 1453 by Ottoman Sultan Mehmet II. Mehmet II renamed it Istanbul meaning "city of Islam" and rebuilt it. Economics There later conquests let them control trade routes and they traded: Silk and other cloth Musk Rhubarb Porcelain from China Spices such as pepper Dyestuffs such as indigo Fall of Constantinople When Constantinople fell, it had an enormous effect It ended the Byzantine Empire Many scholars fled to Italy sparking the renaissance Systems Millet Sytem Non-Muslim communities were organized according to the millet system, which gave minority religious/ethnic/geographical communities a limited amount of power to regulate their own affairs under Ottoman rule. The Devshirme system Non-Muslims in parts of the empire had to hand over some of their children as a tax under the devshirme ('gathering') system and were converted to Islam and became slaves. However, they were more privileged slaves and they could reach higher ranks Mehmet When Mehmet won battles over Christians, he would convert churches into mosques, but did not suppress all of Christianity because there were too many and it would be easier than conflict After Mehmet died, he nominated his eldest son Bayezid as the new Sultan. The Shi'a Muslims in the Ottoman Empire revolted in favour of Bayezid's brother Jem. The Janissaries suppressed the revolt and from then on became very important in Ottoman politics. Another Sultan then put into place fracticide Under this system whenever a new Sultan ascended to the throne his brothers would be locked up. As soon as the Sultan had produced his first son the brothers (and their sons) would be killed. The new Sultan's sons would be then confined until their father's death and the whole system would start again. Golden Age The Golden Age was under the Sultan Suleiman. He was one of the wealthiest Sultans due to his father stabilizing government, removing opposition, frightening (but not successfully conquering) the Safavid Empire of Iran into adopting a non-aggression policy, and conquering the Mamluk empire of Egypt and Syria. He had 3 main conquests which expanded the empire and spread Islam too It also attracted some of the greatest Muslim brains too. Decline Reasons: The European powers wanted to expand Economic problems Competition from trade from the Americas Competition from cheap products from India and the Far East Development of other trade routes Rising unemployment within the Empire Ottoman Empire became less centralised, and central control weakened Sultans being less severe in maintaining rigorous standards of integrity in the administration of the Empire Sultans becoming less sensitive to public opinion The low quality Sultans of the 17th and 18th centuries The ending of the execution of Sultan's sons and brothers, imprisoning them instead This apparently humane process led to men becoming Sultan after spending years in prison - not the best training for absolute power