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- Georgia
- North Oconee High School
- Honors American Government
- Hutto
- Judicial Branch & Criminal Justice Vocab
Judicial Branch & Criminal Justice Vocab
Honors American Government with Hutto at North Oconee High School
About this deck
By: Lisa Gatlin
Created: 2010-12-02
Size: 56 flashcards
Views: 6
Created: 2010-12-02
Size: 56 flashcards
Views: 6
About StudyBlue
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Hung Jury
Occurs when a jury cannot reach a virdict of guit or innocence
Prosecution
The instutition and conduct of legal proceedings against a defendent for criminal behavior
Indeterminate Sentencing
The judge sentences the criminals to a variable prison term, from minimum to maximum, with a chance at being paroled
Breif
A written, legal document that conforms to specific court rules in which a lawyer advances the merits of his/her clients case
Substantive Due Process
The government must create fair policies & laws
Indictment
A formal complaint before a grand jury which charges the accused with one or more crimes
Appellate Jurisdiction
Courts can review the decisions made in lower courts
Misdemeanor
A lesser offince, punnishible by a small fine and/or short jail term
Loose Constructionist
Belief that a Constitution should be interpreted reasoniby, but broadly, in order to meet the needs of the changing times
Felony
A serious crime which may be punished by a heavy fine and/or imprisonment or even death
Constutional Courts
These courts exercise the judicial powers found in Article 3; normally the court of last resort; the highest judicial body in government
Exclusive Jurisdiction
Refers to the cases that can only be held in federal court
Original Jurisdiction
Courts hear the case for the first time
Judicial Act of 1789
Congress passed this which created lower district and appellate courts which fed into the supreme court
Soicitor General
The person represents the US Government before the Supreme Court
Judicial Restraint
Philosophy that urges judges to play a minimal role in policy making- try to determine the original intent of the founding fathers or law questioned
Legislative Courts
These courts, known as Special Courts created to hear a narrow range of subjects
Writ of Certiorari
Petition to the Supreme Court asking that a case be reconsidered; from the Latin meaning "to be more certain"
Grand Jury
The formal device from which a person can be accused of a serious crime
Marbury v. Madison
This court case established the principle of judicial review
Judicial Review
The power of the court to determine the constitutionality of a government action
Inferior Courts
The lower federal courts, beneath the Supreme Court
Arraignment
The court appearence in which the suspect must enter a plea- guilty or not guilty
Plantiff
In civil law, the party who brings a suit or some other legal action against another in court
Criminal Law
The portion of law that defines public wrongs and provides for their punishment
Restribution
Pay a certain sum of money to the victim of a crime
John Roberts
The Cheif Supreme Court Justice today
Plea Bargin
Agreement in which the defendent agrees to pead guilty in orger to receive a lesser sentence and the prosecutor avoids going to trial
Defendent
In a civil suit, the person against whom a court action is brought by the plantiff; in a crime case, the person charged with a crime
Docket
A court's list of cases to be heard
Precedent
Courts decision that stands as an example to be followed in future similar cases
Judicial Implementation
The actual carrying out of a judicia court decision
Determinate Sentencing
The sentencing of a criminal for a specific, set amount of time that the crimina must serve-ruels out of the possibiity of parole
Concurring Opinion
Involves a justice who agrees with the majority but for different reasons than the opinion written
Exclusionary Rule
Evidence gained as a result of an illegal act by police cannot be used against the person from whom it was seized
Senatorial Courtesy
A state's US Senator is conferred with before the president makes an appointment to the federal district courts
Bail
Money the defendent hands over to the court as a guarentee that he or she will return for trial
Procedural Due Process
The government must employ fair procedures and methods
Judicial Activism
Philosophy that urges judges to act blodly- apply and interpuit the law in light of ongoing changes especially those of civil rights and social issues
Amicus Curiae
Breif where intrese groups present their ideas about a significent Supreme Court case
Majority Opinion
The official opinion of the court (usually written by the most senior justice)
Dissenting Opinion
Opinion of the justices who do not agree with the majority
Paroll
Early release from jail
District Courts
These courts are trial courts of the federal court system
Court Marshall
A court composed of military personnel, for the trial of those accused of violating military laws
Oral Arguements
In a Supreme Court hearing, each side is giver 30 mins to present this before the Justices
Civil Law
The portion of law relating to human conduct , to disputes between private parties
State Decisis
This concept involves reliance on past decisions or precedents to formulate decisions in new cases
Dual Court System
The United States has this which reflects the concept of federalism and balanced federal and state power
Burden of Proof
The belief that the prosecution must present evidence which proves, beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendent is guilty
Jurisdiction
The authority of a court to hear, try, and decide a case
Miranda Rule
The constutitional rights which police must read to suspects before questioning can occur
Voir Dire
The questioning of prospective jurors by a judge and attorneys in court
Due Process
The government must act fairly and in accord with established rules and all that it does
Litmus Test
Question asked of a potential candidate for office, the answer to which would determine if nominating official would choose to proceed
Acquittal
Not found guity of a charge
About this deck
By: Lisa Gatlin
Created: 2010-12-02
Size: 56 flashcards
Views: 6
Created: 2010-12-02
Size: 56 flashcards
Views: 6
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis
Dennis