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- Kinesiology Exam 1
Kinesiology Exam 1
Physical Education 333 with Barfield at College of Charleston
About this deck
By: Allyson Townsend
Created: 2011-02-28
Size: 101 flashcards
Views: 38
Created: 2011-02-28
Size: 101 flashcards
Views: 38
About StudyBlue
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Kinesiology
Scientific study of human movement
3 Terms that help to define kinesiology
Physiological
Psychological
Mechanical
Psychological
Mechanical
Biomechanics
Application of Mechanics to biological systems
Anatomy
Focus on structure
Functional Anatomy
How structures function to achieve a goal
Statics
Systems at rest or in constant velocity, at equilibrium
Dynamics
Systems in motion
Temporal
Time
Kinematics
Translational motion
Movement along a straight or curved path
Focus on space and time
Geometry of motion
Movement along a straight or curved path
Focus on space and time
Geometry of motion
Kinetics
Focus on forces
Angular kinematics/kinetics
Movement around a fixed point
Linear Kinematics/kinetics
Each point moves the same distance
Anthropometric
Size and weight of body segments
Qualitative
non-numerical
direct observation
time and space
equipment not necessary
direct observation
time and space
equipment not necessary
Quantitative
numerical
equipment necessary
forces
based on data
equipment necessary
forces
based on data
Saggital Plane
left and right halves
mediolateral axis
flexion and extension
mediolateral axis
flexion and extension
Coronal plane
Front and back halves
Anteroposterior axis
Abduction and adduction
Anteroposterior axis
Abduction and adduction
Transverse plane
top and bottom halves
Rotational motion
Longitudinal axis
Rotational motion
Longitudinal axis
Lateral flexion
tilt head or trunk to the side
Circumduction
circular movement
Elevation
raise scapula up
Depression
lower scapula down
protraction
move scapula apart
retraction
bring spacu
upward rotation
bottom of scapula away from midline, top toward midline
downward rotation
return to normal
horizontal adduction
adduction and flexion
horizontal abduction
abduction and extension
supination
turn palms up
pronation
turn palms down
radial flexion
hands toward thumb
ulnar flexion
hand toward pinky
platarflexion
increase angle between foot and shank
"point the foot"
"point the foot"
dorsiflexion
decrease angle between foot and shank
"flex the foot"
"flex the foot"
inversion
lift medial edge of foot
eversion
lif
medial
toward midline
lateral
away from midline
superior
towards top
inferior
towards bottom
anterior
towards front, ventral
posterior
towards back, dorsal
ipsolateral
same side
contralateral
opposite side
proximal
close to point of attachment
distal
away from point of attachment
Most human movement is in what plane?
General Planar Motion (GPM)
Compressive force
most common
bone most resistant to it
can cause bending force
bone most resistant to it
can cause bending force
Tensile
stretching
can cause apophyses
can cause apophyses
Shear/transverse
across longitudinal axis
rotational
rotational
3 point bending
3 forces produce 2 moments on bone
fracture normally on tensile side
fracture normally on tensile side
4 point bending
4 forces produce 2 moments on bone
fracture at weakest point
fracture at weakest point
Stress fracture
Normally because of acute bout of high intensity exercise (3 to 4 wks)
Osteoclastic activity greater than osteoblastic activity
Osteoclastic activity greater than osteoblastic activity
Bone composed of...
Organic material (30%)
Inorganic material (sodium, phosphorous, bicarbonate, potassium, calcium) (=75%)
Collagen (abpit 90 tp 95% of organic material)
Proteins- amino acids
Osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes, osteon
proteoglycans - glue for collagen
Volkmann's and Haversians canals
lacunae
Inorganic material (sodium, phosphorous, bicarbonate, potassium, calcium) (=75%)
Collagen (abpit 90 tp 95% of organic material)
Proteins- amino acids
Osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes, osteon
proteoglycans - glue for collagen
Volkmann's and Haversians canals
lacunae
Cortical bone
hard outer shell, strong
Trabecular/cancellous/spongy bone
greater porosity
absorbs alot of energy
frequent turnover
absorbs alot of energy
frequent turnover
Stress
force per unit area (N/m2)
Strain
Deformation caused by force (delta L/L)
Modulus of Elasticity
stress/strain
Slope of the curve gives you stiffness
Higher the slope, stiffer the material
Slope of the curve gives you stiffness
Higher the slope, stiffer the material
Stored mechanical energy
Area under the curve
Axial skeleton
skull, spine, sternum, ribs
Appendicular skeleton
arms, legs, pectoral and pelvic girdles
long bone
humerus, femur
short bone
carpals and tarsals
flat bones
scapula, sternum
irregular bone
vertebrae,
sesamoid
patella
encased in a ligament
encased in a ligament
osteocytes
bone cells
osteoblasts
lay down bone
osteoclasts
resorb bone
Metaphysis
how bone grows longitudinally
Epiphysis
rounded end of a long bone
covered with articular cartilage at the joint
covered with articular cartilage at the joint
At Risk for Low BMD
pregnant
elderly
menopause
elderly
menopause
Strategies for Reducing Osteoporosis
early Calcium intake
physical activity
calcium intake in the first 5 years of menopause
prevent falls and fractures
avoid substances that deplete calcium
physical activity
calcium intake in the first 5 years of menopause
prevent falls and fractures
avoid substances that deplete calcium
Anisotrohic
bone is not equal because of geometry
I=mr2
I=mr2
Elastic region
linear relationship between stress and strain
no permanent deformation
no permanent deformation
Plastic region
past yield point
permanent deformation
permanent deformation
Periostium
tough, fibrous membrane that surrounds entire bone except at articulating ends
Wolfe's Law
Bone molds itself based on the application of force
BMD
want 1.0g/cm2
taken from proximal femur, distal radius, lumbar spine
taken from proximal femur, distal radius, lumbar spine
Pythagoras
influenced Plato, was influenced by Socrates
obedience, silence, abstinence, simplicity
odd and even numbers
theorem of right triangle
obedience, silence, abstinence, simplicity
odd and even numbers
theorem of right triangle
Socrates
vices = ignorance
unattractive, short
engaged those around him in dialogue
condemned to die, died via hemlock cocktail
unattractive, short
engaged those around him in dialogue
condemned to die, died via hemlock cocktail
Hippocrates
father of medicine
ascribed disease to environmental cuases, not divine origin
preventitive medicine stressed diet and way of living
first, do no harm
ascribed disease to environmental cuases, not divine origin
preventitive medicine stressed diet and way of living
first, do no harm
Plato
descended from kings of athens
pursued truth through inquiry
founded the Academy
knowledge is real
pursued truth through inquiry
founded the Academy
knowledge is real
Aristotle
son of physician
studied at the Academy
Tutor for Alexander the Great
Stressed biology
proposed finite, spherical universe
4 elements
existence of divine being
studied at the Academy
Tutor for Alexander the Great
Stressed biology
proposed finite, spherical universe
4 elements
existence of divine being
Herophilus
physician
father of scientific anatomy
conclusions based on dissections of human body
sensory and motor nerves
arteries contain blood
father of scientific anatomy
conclusions based on dissections of human body
sensory and motor nerves
arteries contain blood
Archimedes
greek mathmetician and inventor
areas and volumes of curved solid figures
lever, compound pulley, catapult, law of hydrostatics
killed by roman soldier
areas and volumes of curved solid figures
lever, compound pulley, catapult, law of hydrostatics
killed by roman soldier
Galen
physician
dissected many animals
functions of bladder and kindey
id'ed 7 of 12 pairs of cranial nerves
valves in heart
believed liver was central organ
dissected many animals
functions of bladder and kindey
id'ed 7 of 12 pairs of cranial nerves
valves in heart
believed liver was central organ
Leonardo da Vinci
painter, sculptor, architect, engineer, scientist
love of knowledge
precise scientific observations
circulation of blood, hydraulics, illustrated correct human pelvis
love of knowledge
precise scientific observations
circulation of blood, hydraulics, illustrated correct human pelvis
Andreas Vesalius
anatomist and physician
corrected misconceptions from antiquity by dissecting bodies of executed criminals
De Humani Corporis Fabrica
corrected misconceptions from antiquity by dissecting bodies of executed criminals
De Humani Corporis Fabrica
Galileo
physicist and astronomer
initiated scientific revolution
law of falling bodies
Adopted Copernican Theory
initiated scientific revolution
law of falling bodies
Adopted Copernican Theory
William Harvey
circulation of bloood and role of heart as central organ
blood propelled in a circular route
embryology
blood propelled in a circular route
embryology
Alfonso Borelli
applied math formulas to muscular movement
demonstrate animals and humans as machines
bones are levers and muscles function according to mathematical principles
demonstrate animals and humans as machines
bones are levers and muscles function according to mathematical principles
Giorgia Baglivi
De Motu Musculorum
smooth muschle vs striated muscle
life and death based on laws of physics
smooth muschle vs striated muscle
life and death based on laws of physics
Grimaldi
Jesuit
sounds from contracting muscles
sounds from contracting muscles
Sir Isaac Newton
Principia Mathematica Philosophiae Naturalis, most original scientific work ever
foundation of modern dynamics
three laws of motion
foundation of modern dynamics
three laws of motion
Luigi Galvani
electricity on animal nerves and muscles
leg of frog twitched when touched with electric scalpel
experimental neurology
leg of frog twitched when touched with electric scalpel
experimental neurology
Wilhelm Braune and Otto Fischer
determining Center of Gravity
resistive forces that muscles must overcome to produce movement
studying of cadavers
resistive forces that muscles must overcome to produce movement
studying of cadavers
Eadweard Muybridge and Jules Marey
Horse in Motion
Animal Locomotion
movement was most important human function that all others serve
Animal Locomotion
movement was most important human function that all others serve
Reymond and Duchenne
electricity generated in human muscles
gave rise to Mary Shelley
Frankenstein
gave rise to Mary Shelley
Frankenstein
Hill, Huxley, Huxley
oxygen consumption of muscles won nobel prize
ultrastructure of striated muscle
physiology of striated muscle
ultrastructure of striated muscle
physiology of striated muscle
About this deck
By: Allyson Townsend
Created: 2011-02-28
Size: 101 flashcards
Views: 38
Created: 2011-02-28
Size: 101 flashcards
Views: 38
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have used this website for three exams, and I see a huge difference in my test results.”
Naj
Naj