Lab 2: The life cycle of the cell; tissues of the body

Biological Sciences 203 with Bridges at Purdue University

About this deck

By: Olivia Lockwood
Textbook: Biology 201/203 (Human Anatomy & Physiology Lecture Notes - Fall 2004 Purdue University)
Created: 2011-07-06
Size: 20 flashcards
Views: 2

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Prophase

Chromatin in the nucleus condense and form visible chromosomes. Nucleolus disappears.
Chromosomes are attached together by centromeres. Each half called a chromatid
Centrisomes start to move to opposite sides of the cell

Metaphase

Spindles fibers span across the cell from the centrisomes
Chromosomes line up on the equator of the cell

Anaphase

Sister chromosomes are pulled apart to the opposite poles

Telophase

Nucleolus reappears
Cleavage furrow develops to separate the new daughter cells

Explain the importance of having cell cycle checkpoints

Provide time for DNA repair and DNA editing to help prevent cancer.

Define what is meant by differentiation, and what this means in terms of gene expression

After cells go through mitosis, the new daughter cells become more specialized in certain functions even though they came from the same place.
Even though the cell actions are different they contain the exact same DNA.

Define apoptosis and give on example

It is cell suicide of unnecessary cells
Ex: The webs of skin between the fingers and toes during fetal development

Understand the structure-function relationship between different types of epithelial cells

squamous -- diffusion and filtration
cuboidal --- can make, release, and process but can't store
columnar -- can make, process, and store

Simple squamous epithelium

Found in alveoli of the lung
used for diffusion and filtration

Simple cuboidal epithelium

Found covering the surface of female ovaries, lining the capsule of the lens of the eye, and forming the tubule in the kidneys where it is involved in the reabsorption of water
Secretion and production of proteins

Simple columnar epithelium

Found in stomach and small intestine
Have tiny projections called microvili as well as goblet cells
Make, store, and process things

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Found in upper respiratory tract
Cilia help move things along

Stratified squamous

Found in upper layer of the skin
Protection

Transitional epithelium

Found in the urinary bladder
Allows tissue to stretch

List the five important physiological functions of the skin

Protection
Regulate temperature
Sensation
Excretion
Synthesis of vitamin D

Describe the structure of the skin, including a list of its layers

Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutaneous layer

Dermis is comprised of:

stratum corneum
stratum granulosum
stratum spinosum
stratum basale

List 3 accessory structures of the skin

Hair follicles
Glands
Nails

What is keratinization? To what group of chemical substances does keratin belong?

Keratinization are the new cells that are being formed in the basale layer of the skin are being pushed up to the surface of the skin and then dying and become pack with tough, fibrous, waterproof protein called keratin.

Describe the 3 types of glands associated with the skin

Sebaceous
Sweat
Ceruminous

About this deck

By: Olivia Lockwood
Textbook: Biology 201/203 (Human Anatomy & Physiology Lecture Notes - Fall 2004 Purdue University)
Created: 2011-07-06
Size: 20 flashcards
Views: 2

About StudyBlue

“I have been getting MUCH better grades on all my tests for school. Flash cards, notes, and quizzes are great on here. Thanks!”
Kathy