Lab 5

Biology 446l with Hines at University of Texas - Austin

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By: Jenny Kim
Created: 2012-02-27
Size: 35 flashcards
Views: 12

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canal

canalis, groove or channel

ex: optic canal

condyle

kondylos, knuckle or bony knob

ex: occipital condyle

foramen

Latin for hole; plural, foramina; an opening or hole through a bone. usually nerves, blood vessels, or both pass through a foramen

ex: vertebral foreman, zygomatic ofacial foreman

fossa

Latin for ditch or trench, a depression or pit in a bone

ex: temporal fossa

groove

long narrow cut in a surface

ex: sigmoid sinus groove

meatus

passage, a canal-like hole through a b one

ex: external acoustic meatus opening

process

processus, a going forward; any projection or "bump" on a bone. processes may be small or large, pointed or rounded. Usually muscles and ligaments attach here

ex: zygomatic process

protuberance

protuberans, swelling; part of the bone that bulges out

ex: mental protuberance

suture

a seam or growth line where two edges come together

ex: frontal suture

sinus

a cavity or recess. in bones, sinuses are usually air-filled spaces within a bone.

ex: frontal and ethmoid sinuses

what is the difference between a spinal nerve and a cranial nerve?

cranial nerves exit cranial cavity thru foramina in cranium

spinal nerves exit the vertebral column thru intervertebral foramina

where are the nerve cell bodies for cranial nerves located?

cranium- brain bear sensory ganglia

where are the nerve cell bodies for spinal nerves located?

spine- spinal/ posterior root ganglia

two types of cells in nervous system

neurons (nerve cells)
glia or glial cells

neurons

primary functional units of nervous system. large cells with slender cytoplasmic processes specialized to receive, generate, and transmit nerve impulses in the form of electrical signals. neurons vary widely in size and shape

features of neurons

cell body (soma or perikaryon), which is the biosynthetic center of the cell
dendrites are processes that receive signals and carry them into cell body
axons are processes that transmit outgoing information to target cells

neuroglial (glial) cells

smaller than neurons and outnumber neurons almost 50 to 1. perform a variety of functions in the nervous system, including anchoring neurons to blood vessels, generating myelin sheaths around nerve axons, circulating CSF, and contributing to formation of blood brain barrier

white matter

composed mostly of myelinated nerve axons and supporting neuroglial cells. some unmyelinated neuronal processes are also found within white matter

gray matter

largely composed of neuronal cell bodies, unmyelinated neuronal processes, and supporting neuroglial cells

bones of the skull

22 major bones

-14 facial bones

-8 cranial bones that form a cranial vault for the brain

cranium

superior portion of the skull that encloses the brain

frontal bone

1; extends from the top of the eye sockets up to the coronal suture

parietal bone

2; the central superior portion of the cranium

occipital bone

1; the large bone at the posterior of the skull; lies below the lambdoidal suture

temporal bones

2; paired bones that form the inferior lateral aspect of the skull (the 'temples')

sphenoid bone

lies internally between the eyes; it is a bat-shaped bone that runs across the base of the skull just behind the frontal bone

ethmoid bone

an irregularly shaped bone that forms the most anteriomedial floor of the cranium

facial bones*

nasal bone
zygomatic bones
maxilla
mandible
vomer
lacrimal
inferior conchae

facial bone: nasal bone

a small bone that forms the superior portion of the nose

facial bone: zygomatic bones

the cheekbones; they extend from under the lateral edges of the eye sockets (orbits) back to the suture line where they meet the zygomatic process of the temporal bone; the narrow curved bone that includes part of the zygomatic bone and zygomatic process is called the zygomatic arch

facial bone: maxilla

or maxillary bone- forms the anterior aspect of the upper jaw and face; the maxilla begins high on the nose on each side of the nasal bone and extends down to the upper teeth, which grow out of this bone

facial bone: mandible

the movable bone of the lower jaw; consists of horizontal body and two rami that extend upward to form part of temporomandibular joint (TMJ); posterior process is the head of the mandible, also called the condyle/condylar process; head fits into mandibular fossa of temporal bone and is held with ligaments; anterior process of mandibular ramus called the coronoid process

facial bone: vomer

forms the inferior portion of the bony nasal septum

facial bone: lacrimal bones

paired and are the smalles bones of the skull; situated in medial portion of each orbit and contain a shallow groove, the lacrimal groove

facial bone: inferior conchae

paired scroll-like bones found on each side of nasal septum

About this deck

By: Jenny Kim
Created: 2012-02-27
Size: 35 flashcards
Views: 12

About StudyBlue

“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis