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- University of Texas - Austin
- Kinesiology
- Kinesiology 324k
- Farrar
- Lab 9: Lower Leg, Ankle, Foot
Lab 9: Lower Leg, Ankle, Foot
Kinesiology 324k with Farrar at University of Texas - Austin
About this deck
By: Linda Garcia
Created: 2011-07-06
Size: 54 flashcards
Views: 6
Created: 2011-07-06
Size: 54 flashcards
Views: 6
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Which is the larger of the two bones in the lower leg?
The tibia
What is the second strongest bone in the body?
The tibia
With what does the tibia articulate?
The femur and patella superiorly, with fibula laterally, and ankle inferiorly
What is the difference in a tibia between a male and a female?
In male, it is vertical and parallel with fibula, but in female it has a slightly oblique direction downward and laterally to compensate for greater obliquity of femur (Q angle)
What the the most slender of all long bones?
The fibula.
What does not form part of the knee joint?
The fibula
With what does the fibula articulate?
Lateral condyle of tibia superiorly, with tibia laterally, and ankle inferiorly
What kind of joint is the ankle?
The ankle is a synovial hinge joint that connects the distal ends of the tibia and fibula with the proximal end of the talus bone in the foot.
How many joints make up the ankle?
Three: tibia, fibula, talus
Describe the talus.
The talus sits on top of the cancaneus; it moves in one direction and works like a hinge to allow your foot to do dorsiflexion and plantarflextion.
What is the tarsus?
The tarsus is a collective designation for the seven bones of ankles called tarsals.
Name the seven bones of the ankle.
Talus, calcaneous, cuboid, navicular, 1st medial cuneiform, 2nd intermediate cuneiform, 3rd lateral cuneiform
What is articular cartilage?
Material that allows the bones to move against one another in the joints of the body.
How thick is the cartilage lining at the ankle?
About 1/4 an inch.
What are the lateral ligaments of the ankle?
Anterior talofibular ligament, Posterior talofibular ligament, Fibulocalconeal ligament
In an ankle sprain which ligament is ruptured first?
Anterior talofibular ligament.
In an ankle sprain which ligament rarely ruptures?
Posterior talofibular ligament.
What is required for the fibulocalconeal ligament to ruputure?
The anterior talofibular ligament must rupture.
What percent of people have damage only to anterior talofibular ligament?
64%
What percent of people injure lateral fibulocalconeal ligament?
17%
What are the medial ligaments of the ankle?
Anterior tibiotalar, Posterior tibiotalar, Tibiocalconeal, Tibionavicular
What supports the medial ligaments of the ankle?
The medial ligaments of the ankle are supported by the deltoid ligament complex. W
Which ligaments are sprained less frequently?
The medial ligaments of the ankle.
What is another name for the achilles tendon?
Calcaneal tendon.
What does the Achilles tendon attach?
It attaches gastrocneumius and soleus muscles to calcaneus bone.
What are some characteristics of the Achilles tendon?
It is the thickest and strongest tendon in the body.
What is Achilles tendonitis?
Inflammation from overuse or strain injury.
What is an Achilles ruputre?
A partial or complete break of tendon, require immobilization or surgery.
What is another name for the big toe?
Hallux.
Name the arches of the foot.
Medial Longitudinal Arch, Lateral Logitudinal Arch, Transverse Arch
What are the arches of the foot maintained by?
The shape of foot bones, the activity of muscles, a wide variety of ligaments and tendons.
Describe the medial longitudinal arch.
Originates at calcaneous, rises to tallus, descends through navicular, two medial cuneiforms, two medial metatarsals.
It is very tall that is why it is missing from the footprint.
It is very tall that is why it is missing from the footprint.
What does the medial longitudinal arch do?
Transmits force of body weight to ground when standing, force to great toe in locomotion.
What is plantar aponeurosis?
A dense organized layer of deep fascia, it runs down the middle of the sole.
Describe the lateral longitudinal arch.
Originates at calcaneous, rises at cuboid, descends to two lateral metatarsals. It is shallower than medial longitudinal arch and is a solid very stable arch.
Describe the transverse arch.
It goes through 3 cuneiforms and the cuboid. It is maintained by same muscles and ligaments as longitudinal arches.
What is Plantar Fascitis?
Excessive stretching of the plantar fascia, usually due to over-pronation or fat feet. It causes pain often after prolonged rest.
What are causes of plantar fascitis?
Obesity/weight gain, lots of walking/running, shoes with little or no arch support.
What can plantar fascitis result in?
A heel spur.
What are the muscles of the anterior leg that participate in dorsiflexion? Start with Prime Mover.
Prime Mover: Tibialis Anterior
Extensor Digitorum longus, Extensor hallucis longus, Fibularis Tertius
Extensor Digitorum longus, Extensor hallucis longus, Fibularis Tertius
What are the muscles of the posterior leg that participate in plantarflexion? Start with Prime Mover.
Prime Mover: Soleus, Gastrocneumius
Plantaris, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus, fibularis lonngus, fibularis brevis
Plantaris, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus, fibularis lonngus, fibularis brevis
What are the muscles of the lateral leg that participate in eversion?
Fibularis longus, Fibularis brevis, Fibularis teritius.
What are the muscles of the lateral leg that participate in inversion? Start with the Prime Mover.
Prime Mover: Tibial Posterior
Tibial anterior, extensor hallicus longus, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus
What form the calf muscle?
Gastrocnemuis and soleus
What type of muscles are the ones that make up the calf muscle?
Gastrocnemius: Fast twitch, type 2
Soleus: Slow twitch, type 1
When you begin running what muscle is recruited first and why?
Soleus because of the size principle.
When is gastrocnemius recruited?
When the soleus fatigues or if the necessary force is greater than can be provided by only the soleus.
What does training do with your calf muscles?
It increases the neuromuscular systems efficiency in recruiting muscle fibers, enabling individuals to run more economically.
What is Pott's Fracture?
It is a fracture to the lower end of fibula with injury to tibial articulation.
What causes Pott's fracture?
A combination of abduction and external rotation from an eversion force.
What is a sprained ankle classified by?
The extent of soft tissue damage.
Define Grade 1 Ankle sprain and treatments.
Mild/minimal sprain, no ligamentous tear, mild tenderness or swelling.
Strapping with elastic bandages, boot immobilization, elevation, gentle exercise
Strapping with elastic bandages, boot immobilization, elevation, gentle exercise
Define Grade 2 Ankle sprain and treatments.
Moderate sprain partial rupture, swelling and difficulty walking
Below knee walking cast immobilization for 3 weeks
Below knee walking cast immobilization for 3 weeks
Define Grade 3 Ankle sprain and treatments.
Complete tear of ligament, swelling, hemorrhage, ankle instability, can't walk.
Immobilization or surgery, it is difficult to repair extreme fragmentation of ligaments, can cause solitary anterior talofibular ruptures. Surgery is recommended if fibiocalcaneal ligament is torn.
Immobilization or surgery, it is difficult to repair extreme fragmentation of ligaments, can cause solitary anterior talofibular ruptures. Surgery is recommended if fibiocalcaneal ligament is torn.
About this deck
By: Linda Garcia
Created: 2011-07-06
Size: 54 flashcards
Views: 6
Created: 2011-07-06
Size: 54 flashcards
Views: 6
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have been getting MUCH better grades on all my tests for school. Flash cards, notes, and quizzes are great on here. Thanks!”
Kathy
Kathy