lab exercise 33- blood pressure and pulse

Biology 232 with Salti at Portland Community College

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By: Amanda Duncan
Created: 2012-05-28
Size: 42 flashcards
Views: 16

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systole

contraction

diastole

relaxation

cardiac cycle

is equivalent to one complete heartbeat- during which both atria and ventricles contract and then relax.

Dicrotic Notch

brief rise in aortic pressure caused by backflow of blood rebounding off of semilunar valves

normal length of the cardiac cycle

average bpm is 75 and so the length of the cardiac cycle is 0.8 second. of this time atrial contraction takes 0.1 second, followed by atria relaxation and ventricular contraction, which is 0.3 second. lastly, it takes 0.4 second for the ventricles to relax. when the heart rate increases, the last variable is the one that will shorten.

murmurs

abnormal heart sounds. they often indicate valvular problems. in valves that do not close tightly, closure is followed by a swishing sound due to the backflow of blood. if high pitched sounds, then indicates stenosus.

auscultation of the mitral valve

sounds are heard over the apex of the heart, in the 5th intercostal space in line with the middle of the clavicle

auscultation of the tricuspid valve

sound are typically heard in right sternal margin of the 5th intercostal space; variations include over sternum or over left sternal margin in 5ht intercostal space.

auscultation of the aortic valve

sounds heard in the 2nd intercostal space at right sternal margin

auscultation of the pulmonary valve

sound are heard in 2nd intercostal space at left sternal margin.

pulse

refers to the alternating surges of pressure in an artery that occur with each contraction and relaxation of the left ventricle.

pulse pressure

difference between systolic and diastolic pressure. if less than 30 mmHg then might mean that there is aortic stenosis, constrictive pericarditis or tachycardia. while over 40 mmHg is common in hypertensive individuals

pulse rate

pressure surges per minute

superficial temporal artery pulse

anterior to the ear, in the temple region

facial artery pulse

clench the teeth and palpate the pulse just anterior to the masseter muscle on the mandible (in line with the corner of the mouth)

common carotid artery pulse

at the side of the neck

brachial artery pulse

in the antecubital fossa, at the point where it bifurcates into the radial and ulnar arteries

radial artery pulse

at the lateral aspect of the wrist, above the thumb

femoral artery pulse

in the groin

popliteal artery pulse

at the back of the knee

posterior tibial artery pulse

just above the medial malleolus

dorsalis pedis artery pulse

on the dorsum of the foot

apical-radial pulse

the apical pulse may be slightly faster than the radial because of a slight lag in time as the blood rushes from the heart into the large arteries where it can be palpated.

pulse deficit

large differences in the apical-radial pulse rates and may indicate cardiac impairment, low cardiac output, or abnormal heart rhythms.

blood pressure

defined as the pressure the blood exerts against any unit are of the blood vessel walls, and it is generally measured in the arteries. reported in mmHg with systolic pressure appearing first, ie 120/80

systolic pressure

which is the pressure in the arteries at the peak of ventricular ejection

diastolic pressure

which reflects the pressure during ventricular relaxation

korotkoff sounds

1. first sound of tapping, systolic. 2. swooshing, softer murmurs. 3. knocking, crisp high pitched sounds. 4. abrupt muffling, sound mutes to a blowing. 5. silence, last audible sound diastolic.

sphygmomanometer

blood pressure cuff
used to obtain blood pressure readings by the ausculatory method.

blood pressure's relationship to cardiac output

BP= CO x PR

Harvard Step Test

Test for Cardiovascular fitness
athlete steps up and down onto a standard gym bench once every two seconds for five minutes(30step/min); measure HR every minute after test for 3min

mean arterial pressure

MAP= diastolic pressure + (pulse pressure/3)

index of physical fitness

(duration of exercise in seconds X 100) / (2 X sum of the three pulse counts in recovery)

cold pressor test

subject submerges hand in 4-deg C water, take BP every minute for 3 and will see that BP and heart increase due to the pain.

hyporeactors

stable blood pressure
exhibit a rise of diastolic and/or systolic pressure ranging from 0-22 mmHg or a drop in pressures

hyperreactors

labile blood pressure
exhibit rise of 23 mmHg or more in the diastolic and/or systolic blood pressure

vasodilation and flushing of the skin due to local metabolites

when use BP cuff to cut off blood supply to the arm for a minute and compare what the arm looks like color and vein-wise. And what it looks like when the cuff is released.

effects of venous congestion

this is a test where you inflate the BP cuff to 40 mmHg and see how the fingers look after 5 minutes. Mimics venous congestion, which leads to the extremeties being blue because of the blood pooling there.

collateral blood flow

a given body area is supplied by both one main artery, and by anastomosing channels connecting the main artery with one or more neighboring blood vessels

effects of mechanical stimulation of blood vessels of the skin

when apply moderate pressure to the hand as run a pen across it.
the redness observed after mechanical stimulation results from a local inflammatory response promoted by chemical mediators released by injured tissues. these mediators stimulate increased blood flow into the area and leaking of fluid into the local tissues.

About this deck

By: Amanda Duncan
Created: 2012-05-28
Size: 42 flashcards
Views: 16

About StudyBlue

“I have used this website for three exams, and I see a huge difference in my test results.”
Naj