Latino Studies Notes (Post midterm) 2.rtf

March 25, 2010 Unionization: + Collective bargaining helps improve salaries, conditions and benefits for members - Wages can ? be optimized to match up supply and demand + Collective actions (strikes ) that can effectively pressure employers - Lobbyists hired by unions help workers be heard by government - Not everyone ? represented (exclusion, discrimination) - A lot of jobs aren ? unionized Height of unionized labor union is turn of the 1920s, it peaks in the 1940s and begins to decline in the 1960s OCSEA -- occupation safety (check working conditions) Deindustrialization & Globalization : 1960 and on 1980 - Reagan -- anti-union + air traffic controllers may not go on strike (replacements will be sent in) Deindustrialization - Portions of the US economy shrank (due to opening of markets) Globalization - Expansion (opening of markets) Neoliberalism - markets are live and must get out of way, allow people to be competitive Material (Cheap compromises quality ); labor (No or weak unions), Distribution (affected by location); equipment (only so cheap) and space (location) (capital) 1. Why did Puerto Rican women end up in the garment industry? 1940s - high demand of seamstresses due to WWII cutting off European imports Fewer Barriers of entry (education and language) Women had skills, usually no education required Migrations (Large move of Puerto Ricans to United States) 2. How did post-1960 ? changes to economy affect the garment and auto industry? Garment - New technologies that were difficult to keep up with + shut down or relocated - Competition from imports - Decentralization - Homework -- do extra work at home for some extra money + No regulation at home, kids work (child labor) Auto: - Imports competition - New technology - People being placed by machines (mechanization) which causes deskilling of labor 3. Why was there resistance to unions to Latino members/ leaders? Anti-immigrant sentiment Procedural barriers to leadership - Jewish and Italian male leaders - Didn ? want women leaders 4. Effects of NAFTA on Latino workers? 5. Why did globalization (move of factories) not keep Latinos from migration? March 29, 2010 Entrepreneurs (cater to immigrant communities) Transnational - Connection in Business for import/export in goods + Cultural Enterprise - newspapers, CDs, DVDs --- information? Pop culture ? + Ethnic Enterprise - food, clothes and stuff - Sales in US manufactured in Latin America - Multiple locations + Ex. Pollo Campero - Business that connects transnational populations + Remittances and Couriers + Circuit firms + Business is to transfer Ex: financieras , calling centers Return Migrant micro -enterprise - Dependant on contacts in US when creating an enterprise in another country - Ex: Restaurant , vacation/hotel resort - Leverage contacts for goods, services or clientele Which appeal to broad population and how? Restaurants Location Making it ? pscale ? ? igh class ? English/Spanish menus Professionals: Fuji-shock (Post 1980s) - Competition from imported goods -- Neoliberal Economic - Currency devalued -- Reforms + Reduction of public services + Price increases - Opens up markets Big businesses sweep out smaller businesses - including local businesses (big and small) Devalued currency and increased prices - Lowers quality of life - People fall into poverty - Pushes people to immigrate Problems upon immigration - Degree doesn ? count - Language skills -- limits jobs available + Usually below skill levels - Competition/stereotypes and discrimination - Lack of Capital + Cost of living + Lack of agency - Unions - Legality? (Many overstay their tourist visa) Effects that result from these problems - Discouraged - Downward mobility - Unfair - Uncertain of future - Fear of deportation