Lec 6 Fungi 2 & slime molds EXAM 3 Powerpoint with lecture notes

FUNGI & SLIME MOLDS FUNGI 2. The Importance of Fungi 3. Characteristics of Fungi 4. Chytrids: Phylum Chytridomycota 5. Zygomyctes: Phylum Zygomycota 6. Ascomycetes: Phylum Ascomycota 7. Basidiomycetes, etc.: Phylum Basidiomycota 8. Yeasts & Conidial Fungi 9. Symbiotic Relationships of Fungi PROTISTA The Slime Molds FUNGI 2. The Importance of Fungi 3. Characteristics of Fungi 4. Chytrids: Phylum Chytridomycota 5. Zygomyctes: Phylum Zygomycota 6. Ascomycetes: Phylum Ascomycota 7. Basidiomycetes, etc.: Phylum Basidiomycota 8. Yeasts & Conidial Fungi 9. Symbiotic Relationships of Fungi PROTISTA The Slime Molds FUNGI & SLIME MOLDS Decomposers Saprotrophic (=saprophytes) Parasites Food Medicine Drink Ecological Symbionts ?Mushroom? ?Fruiting body? ?Toadstool? Mycelium composed of hyphae Heterotrophic by absorption MYCOLOGY Hyphae with cell walls composed of chitin (not cellulose) Septate or aseptate (= coenocytic) Uni-, Di-, or Multinucleate Heterotrophic by Absorption septum with central pore 1 2 3 4 FUNGI 2. The Importance of Fungi 3. Characteristics of Fungi 4. Chytrids: Phylum Chytridomycota 5. Zygomyctes: Phylum Zygomycota 6. Ascomycetes: Phylum Ascomycota 7. Basidiomycetes, etc.: Phylum Basidiomycota 8. Yeasts & Conidial Fungi 9. Symbiotic Relationships of Fungi PROTISTA The Slime Molds FUNGI & SLIME MOLDS Chytridium confervae, like most chytrids is aquatic chytrid zoospores ZYGOMYCOTA Rhizopus - the bread mold asexual reproduction Rhizopus Sexual reproduction zygospore (2n) Rhizopus stolonifera Life Cycle Mature zygospore (2n) FUNGI 2. The Importance of Fungi 3. Characteristics of Fungi 4. Chytrids: Phylum Chytridomycota 5. Zygomyctes: Phylum Zygomycota 6. Ascomycetes: Phylum Ascomycota 7. Basidiomycetes, etc.: Phylum Basidiomycota 8. Yeasts & Conidial Fungi 9. Symbiotic Relationships of Fungi PROTISTA The Slime Molds FUNGI & SLIME MOLDS ASCOMYCOTA ?Sac fungi? ?Cup fungi? ?Truffels? ?Morels? ?Dutch elm disease? ascocarp asco Greek ?little bag?, ?pouch? Asexual reproduction by conidia Sexual reproduction by ascospores; produced within an ascus on the ascocarp asci meiosis 1, 2 mitosis Sterile hyphae (n) ?zygote? FUNGI 2. The Importance of Fungi 3. Characteristics of Fungi 4. Chytrids: Phylum Chytridomycota 5. Zygomyctes: Phylum Zygomycota 6. Ascomycetes: Phylum Ascomycota 7. Basidiomycetes, etc.: Phylum Basidiomycota 8. Yeasts & Conidial Fungi 9. Symbiotic Relationships of Fungi PROTISTA The Slime Molds FUNGI & SLIME MOLDS BASIDIOMYCOTA ?club fungi? ?mushrooms? ?shelf fungi? basidion Greek. ?base?, ?pedestal? BASIDIOMYCOTA ?puffballs? ?earth stars? ?stinkhorns? ?bird?s nest fungi? ?rusts? ?smuts? ?jelly fungi? BASIDIOMYCOTA ?Magic Mushrooms? basidiocarp ?gills? basidium 4 basidiospores 2n n basidiocarp meiosis 1, 2 ?zygote? Clamp connections, formed at the apex of basidiomycete hyphae, ensure that daughter cells receive each of two nuclei types This cell (n+n) will undergo karyogamy, becoming diploid (2n), and then undergo meiosis to produce spores (n) FUNGI 2. The Importance of Fungi 3. Characteristics of Fungi 4. Chytrids: Phylum Chytridomycota 5. Zygomyctes: Phylum Zygomycota 6. Ascomycetes: Phylum Ascomycota 7. Basidiomycetes, etc.: Phylum Basidiomycota 8. Yeasts & Conidial Fungi 9. Symbiotic Relationships of Fungi PROTISTA The Slime Molds FUNGI & SLIME MOLDS Yeasts Conidial Fungi (?Fungi Imperfecti?) Saccharomyces cerevisiae Penicillium species Aspergillus species FUNGI 2. The Importance of Fungi 3. Characteristics of Fungi 4. Chytrids: Phylum Chytridomycota 5. Zygomyctes: Phylum Zygomycota 6. Ascomycetes: Phylum Ascomycota 7. Basidiomycetes, etc.: Phylum Basidiomycota 8. Yeasts & Conidial Fungi 9. Symbiotic Relationships of Fungi PROTISTA The Slime Molds FUNGI & SLIME MOLDS Photobiont (usually green algae, occasionally cyanobacteria) Mycobiont (98% ascomycete) LICHENS >13,000 ?species? >5 independent origins Lichens: Crustose forms Lichens: Foliose forms Fruticose lichens MYCORRHIZAE endomycorrhizae ectomycorrhizae FUNGI 2. The Importance of Fungi 3. Characteristics of Fungi 4. Chytrids: Phylum Chytridomycota 5. Zygomyctes: Phylum Zygomycota 6. Ascomycetes: Phylum Ascomycota 7. Basidiomycetes, etc.: Phylum Basidiomycota 8. Yeasts & Conidial Fungi 9. Symbiotic Relationships of Fungi PROTISTA The Slime Molds FUNGI & SLIME MOLDS Plasmodium of Physarum - a multinucleate mass of protoplasm Myxomycota Sporangia of various Myxomycota Dictyostelium A Cellular Slime Mold Plasmodial slime molds Myxomycota Multinucleate plasmodium (2n) eats particles, produces stalked sporangia & spores (n) by meiosis Spores produce new amoebas & gametes Zygotes produce new 2n plasmodia Physarum Cellular slime molds Dictyosteliomycota Usually occur as amoebas that eat bacteria In starvation conditions amoebas aggregate into slugs Slugs produce spores --> new amoebas Dictyostelium FUNGI 2. The Importance of Fungi 3. Characteristics of Fungi 4. Chytrids: Phylum Chytridomycota 5. Zygomyctes: Phylum Zygomycota 6. Ascomycetes: Phylum Ascomycota 7. Basidiomycetes, etc.: Phylum Basidiomycota 8. Yeasts & Conidial Fungi 9. Symbiotic Relationships of Fungi PROTISTA The Slime Molds FUNGI & SLIME MOLDS