Lect01-Phys172s10-(1.1-1.5-Matter_and_Interactions).pdf

1 Lecture 1: Matter & Interactions Read: Ch 1.1-1.6 Pick up the handout: Course web site address & things to do by the end of the first week CHIP & WebAssign instructions These will be discussed in more detail on Thursday, after you have had a chance to read them To do AS SOON AS POSSIBLE: 1. Obtain the textbook (campus bookstores, used is OK). 2. Obtain the Lab Manual (from bookstore). 3. Obtain an iClicker audience response remote (not a CPS pad). 4. Register for WebAssign, the on-line homework service. 5. Register your iClicker on CHIP, your on-line gradebook. 6. Click on the course URL for any late announcements, lecture notes etc: www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys172 (or poke around Physics home page, www.physics.purdue.edu) 2 For those of you who brought your iClicker with you today, let?s do a test run: Turn the Power on. After the question is declared ?Open?, choose one: A. My last physics class was in high school. B. My last physics class was in college. C. I have never taken a physics class. D. I have never heard of Physics. E. None of the above. NOTE: From now on, always bring your iClicker to lecture with you. The clicker questions count towards your grade. iClicker questions may be asked any time during lecture: don?t be late! During the first week you will: Attend the two scheduled lectures, on Tuesday and Thursday. Attend the Recitation session assigned to you by the Registrar. Log in to WebAssign and complete ?HW #1? by midnight Saturday Jan 16. Note due dates for the following HWs Lab meetings will not be held during the first week. Instead, log in to WebAssign and complete ?Lab #1 Orientation? by Tuesday, Jan 19. Attendance is required for three evening exams this semester: Exam 1: Wednesday, Feb 10 8:00-10:00 pm Exam 2: Wednesday, March 10 8:00-10:00 pm Exam 3: Wednesday, Apr 14 8:00-10:00 pm (ELLT 116) 3 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 Milestones from the last century of physics: Discovery of x-rays (1895) Radioactivity (1896-1902) Atoms - electrons (1896), nuclei (1911), neutrons (1932) Relativity (Einstein 1905, 1916) Quantum Mechanics (1920s?.) Nuclear fission (atom bomb, nuclear power), fusion (hydrogen bomb, Sun) (1940s?.) Transistors, semiconductors, superconductors (1940s?.) Big Bang theory, cosmic microwave background (1960s?) Quarks, Standard Model of Particle Physics(1960s?.) Dark Matter, Dark Energy?..(1990s?.) 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 1910, 18th edition of Ganot. 1928, 1938 Millikan et al. 1949 Sears & Zemansky 1960 Halliday & Resnick (from 1977) 2004 H&R/Cummings 2004 S&Z/Young Milestones from the last century of physics education: 4 We will explain an enormous range of physics with just a few fundamental principles. What is MODERN MECHANICS? We will explain an enormous range of physics with just a very few fundamental principles. Matter can be described in terms of atoms that interact with each other. We will learn to create simple models for complex situations. We will use powerful computer graphics to simulate real physical behavior. We will show how mechanics plus real atomic behavior leads to thermodynamics: Mechanics Temperature! 5 We will use powerful computer graphics to simulate real physical behavior. VPython program for Moon Voyage, which students will write themselves during Lab #3. No prior programming experience needed!) Molecular simulation: 320,171 atoms Cytochrome b6f protein of photosynthetic organism (by S. Savikhin?s group) Spinning part of ATP synthase by Aksimentiev Kinds of matter Nuclei Atoms =1 Å (Angström) Interacting protons and neutrons Interacting nuclei and electrons 6 Kinds of matter Molecules: Interacting atoms: several atoms bond together: The physical and chemical properties of a molecule differ from those of the constituent atoms H2O - water Protein molecule (myoglobin) C60 (soccer ball molecule) Kinds of matter Solids: Interacting molecules and atoms Billions of atoms or molecules come together Atoms are fixed in 3D array Salt crystal Silicon crystal STM images Amorphous Germanium 7 Kinds of matter Liquids: Atoms are still bond to each other but can freely slide along each other Water Dynamics is complex: we will not consider liquid in detail in this course http://www.fos.su.se/physical/lars/liquid.html Kinds of matter Gases: Atoms are not bound to each other Energy of atoms is too large and Interatomic forces are broken 8 Detecting interactions Objects made of matter interact with each other: Gravitationally Electrically Magnetically Through strong and weak interaction Detecting interaction: Change of speed Change of direction Change of velocity Velocity: a physical quantity that has magnitude and direction (speed)vector Motion Non-uniform motion Velocity changes in time Uniform motion: velocity is constant Special case: an object at rest (velocity is zero, direction undefined) Uniform motion implies that there is no ?net? interaction 9 Indicators of interaction Change of velocity Examples: Change of identity H2 + O2 fi H2O Change of shape bending a wire Change of temperature heating pot of water on a hot stove Lack of change when change is expected balloon floating in sky Interactions cause change No interaction ? no change - boring Important Details: Reading Assignment: read Ch 1, sections 1-6 for today, sections 5-11 for Thursday. Special attention: review vector algebra! (for clicker questions next lecture and for recitation) Go to your assigned Recitation this week. Turn in the first WebAssign HW by Saturday night. Do the first Lab on WebAssign by Tuesday of next week. Register your iClicker before the next lecture sergei Microsoft PowerPoint - Lect01-Phys172s10-(1.1-1.5-Matter_and_Interactions).ppt