Lecture 17 Language

Psychology 345 with Reuter-lorenz at University of Michigan - Ann Arbor

About this deck

By: Anish Abrol
Textbook:

Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuropsychology (Student Text)

Fractured Minds: A Case-Study Approach to Clinical Neuropsychology
Created: 2010-11-17
Size: 22 flashcards
Views: 15

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What is the snowball effect?

One fundamental lateralized function drives other asymmetries

Why are functions lateralized?

Snow ball effect

Advantages to having varied representation that can operate in parallel

Advantage to "insulate" different processors (reduce competition and optimize efficiency)

What is aphasia?

Any language disorder that is not due to an impairment in sensory or motor function, or to the deteriorating of general intellectual function

What is a phoneme?

Unit of sound that makes up words

What is a lexicon?

Phonological?

Orthographic?

Representations of words stored in memory

Phonological- Auditory (what words sound like)

Orthographic- Visual (what words look like

What are semantics?

Meanings that correspond to lexical items

What is syntax?

Grammar (rules for combining words)

What is prosody?

Intonation of speech (controlled by Right Hemisphere)

What is articulation?

Movements of the mouth and vocal tract for producing speech

What is discourse?

Linking of sentences into coherent narrative

What are the brain regions associated with language?

Broca's Area (Brodmann's Area 44/45)

Angular Gyrus (Brodmann's 39)

Wernicke's Area (Brodmann's 22)

Heschl's Gyrus (Broadmann's 41/42)

What is the arcuate fasiculus?

White matter pathway below the cortex of the brain

Goes from Wernicke's Area

null

Based on Wernicke's Theorizing, formalized by Lichtheim, and later modified by Norman Geschwind in 1967

Wernicke's receives input from auditory

Wernickie's Area projects to Concept Center and Broca's Area (Through Arcuate Fasciculus)

Broca's receives input from Concept Matter and Wernickes and projects to Motor

Concept Center receives from Wernicke's

What are the types of aphasia?

Broca's (Motor Aphasia)

Wernicke's (Sensory Aphasia)

Conduction

Transcortical Motor

Transcortical Sensory

Global (Combination of Broca's and Wernicke's)

How is speech in Broca's Aphasia?

Is comprehension spared?

Word finding?

Labored, slow, halting, and non fluent. Searching for phonemes

Comprehension is relatively spared

Word finding is impaired

What are paraphasic errors?

Mix up phonemes in a word

How are responses in Broca's Aphasia?

They make sense but they are ungrammatical

What is the greatest difficulty in Broca's Aphasia?

Verbs, articles, pronouns; leading to telegraphic speech (me drive car)

What happens with repetition in Broca's Aphasia?

Shows same impairments as spontaneous speech (same with writing)

How is speech in Wernicke's Aphasia?

Phonetically and grammatically normal, but meaningless

Generally fluent, unlabored, and well articulated

Normal intonation (prosody)

Words used inappropriately, nonsense words (neologisms --> word salad)

How is word meaning in Wernicke's Aphasia?

Circumlotion (Meaning expressed in roundabout way)

How is comprehension?

Repetition?

What is the extreme form of Wernicke's Aphasia?

Comprehension is severely impaired

Repetition is often impaired

Extreme form is jargon aphasia